ArticleJournal of physiological anthropology2022
Age-related changes in the activation timing of postural muscles to the prime mover muscle for bilateral arm flexion during standing.
Article in Journal of physiological anthropology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 0 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of plyometric training on different surfaces on lower-limb power, dynamic balance, and agility in male collegiate tennis players.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed to obtain the standard values of age-related changes in the activation timing of postural muscles to the prime mover muscle (anterior deltoid [AD]) for bilateral arm flexion during standing.
methodsThe study participants were 276 children (aged 3-14 years) and 32 adults (aged 20-26 years). In response to a visual stimulus, participants raised both arms from a fully extended position as quickly as possible, stopped their arms voluntarily at a horizontal level at the shoulder, and maintained that position for 2 s. Ten test trials were performed. By using surface electromyography, the duration from the burst onset of the postural muscles to that of AD was measured as the starting time of the postural muscles (rectus abdominis [RA], erector spinae [ES], rectus femoris [RF], biceps femoris [BF], tibialis anterior [TA], gastrocnemius medialis [GcM], and soleus [SOL]). The starting time was presented as a negative value when the burst onset of the postural muscles preceded that of AD, which was defined as the preceding activation. A positive value for the starting time was defined as delayed activation.
resultsIn adults, the burst onsets of ES and BF significantly preceded that of AD. In ES, the starting time preceded the onset of AD in those aged ≥ 5-6 years; no difference with adults was found at age 13-14 years. On the other hand, in BF, significant delayed activation was found at ages 3-4 to 11-12 years. While the starting time decreased with age, no significant preceding activation similar to adults was found, even at age 13-14 years. In TA, no significant difference with the onset of AD was found at age 3-6 years, and significant delayed activation was found at age ≥ 7-8 years. Significant delayed activation in GcM, SOL, RA, and RF was observed in all age groups, and no age-related changes were observed in children.
conclusionThese findings could provide standard values from childhood to adolescence for age-related changes in anticipatory postural muscle activity during voluntary movement while standing and contribute to applications in the fields of sports and rehabilitation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.