SynthesisBMC health services research2022
Contributing factors to healthcare costs in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC health services research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal exposure to extreme heat and autism in children.The Science of the total environment · 2026Article
- Telemedicine Use Amongst US Children and Young Adults With Autism: Utilization, Costs and Common Conditions.Health services insights · 2026Article
- Remote delivery of culturally adapted prevent-teach-reinforce for families with Chinese American families of young autistic children.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Collaborating with an autism community advisory board to develop a family-based, neurodiversity-affirming intervention: PCIT-Autism.Research involvement and engagement · 2025Article
- A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) Needs in Early Childhood Among Children at Risk and Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Quality of life among people with disabilities and its related factors in Iran: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Burden and inequality of autism spectrum disorders in global, East asian, and Southeast Asian regions, 1990-2021: result from the global burden of disease study 2021.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Clinical Application of a Customized Gene Panel for Identifying Autism Spectrum Disorder-Associated Variants.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Material hardship and sources of support for autistic adolescents and their families.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2025Article
- Inpatient Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Youth with Autism and/or Intellectual Disabilities: Clinical Characteristics and Considerations.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Augmented Reality and Learning-Cognitive Outcomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A cross-sectional study of public knowledge and stigma towards autism spectrum disorder in Lebanon.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Critical Appraisal of Systematic Reviews Assessing Gut Microbiota and Effect of Probiotic Supplementation in Children with ASD-An Umbrella Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Family Intensive Behavioral Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Half-Year Comparison-Controlled Study.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Article
- Machine Learning Differentiation of Autism Spectrum Sub-Classifications.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- Multikingdom and functional gut microbiota markers for autism spectrum disorder.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Unveiling autism spectrum disorder in South East Asia through a public health Lens.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Exploring the varied manifestations of structural violence in the lives of children on the autism spectrum and their families: a qualitative longitudinal study in Kurdistan, Iran.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more likely to use healthcare than their counterparts without disabilities, which imposes high medical costs to families and health systems. This study aimed to investigate healthcare costs and its determinants among individuals with ASD.
methodsIn this systematic review, we searched online databases (Web of Science, Medline through PubMed and Scopus) for observational and experimental studies that included data on service use and costs associated with ASD and published between January 2000 and May 2021. Exclusion criteria included non-English language articles, duplicates, abstracts, qualitative studies, gray literature, and non-original papers (e.g., letters to editors, editorials, reviews, etc.).
resultsOur searches yielded 4015 articles screened according to PRISMA guidelines. Of 4015 studies identified, 37 articles from 10 countries were eligible for final inclusion. Therapeutic interventions, outpatient visits and medications constituted the largest proportion of direct medical expenditure on individuals with ASD. Included studies suggest lack of health insurance, having associated morbidities, more severe symptoms, younger age groups and lower socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with higher medical expenditure in individuals with ASD.
conclusionsThis systematic review identified a range of factors, including lower SES and lack of health insurance, which are associated with higher healthcare costs in people with ASD. Our study supports the formulation of policy options to reduce financial risks in families of individuals with ASD in countries which do not have a tax-based or universal health coverage system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.