ArticleBMJ open2022
Study designs for clinical trials applied to personalised medicine: a scoping review.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Digital nudging techniques for behaviour change in lifestyle medicine: a scoping review.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Pooled it
- The usage of population and disease registries as pre-screening tools for clinical trials, a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Recommendations for robust and reproducible preclinical research in personalised medicine.BMC medicine · 2023Guideline
- From molecular pathogenesis to novel Therapeutic approaches - a review of recent advances in the treatment of peripheral T cell Lymphomas.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Five tenets for advancing evidence-based precision medicine.Nature medicine · 2026Review
- Biopharmaceuticals for Cancer Treatment: An Update.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Phytotherapy in precision medicine era: deciphering herbal modulation of multi-omic biomarkers for cardiovascular metabolic syndrome remodeling.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Blurring boundaries or structural coupling? Revisiting the science-medicine interface through the analogy of politics and law.Frontiers in sociology · 2026Article
- An organoid-guided roadmap for precision delivery of epigallocatechin gallate in oral submucous fibrosis.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Adaptive Biomarker-Based Design for Early Phase Clinical Trials.Statistics in medicine · 2025Article
- Toward Sex-Specific Biomaterials Innovation: A Perspective.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Review
- A Direct Relationship Between 'Blood Stasis' and Fibrinaloid Microclots in Chronic, Inflammatory, and Vascular Diseases, and Some Traditional Natural Products Approaches to Treatment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Methodological Insights on Biomarker-Based Patient Selection: A Review of Scientific Advice Procedures at the European Medicines Agency.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Review
- Genomic medicine and personalized treatment: a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- From one size fits all to a tailored approach: integrating precision medicine into medical education.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- The PERMIT guidelines for designing and implementing all stages of personalised medicine research.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Estimating the Prognostic Value of the NTRK Fusion Biomarker for Comparative Effectiveness Research in The Netherlands.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2024Article
- In Silico Clinical Trials: Is It Possible?Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Integrating treatment cost reduction strategies and biomarker research to reduce costs and personalize expensive treatments: an example of a self-funding trial in non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Evaluating Translational Methods for Personalized Medicine-A Scoping Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivePersonalised medicine (PM) allows treating patients based on their individual demographic, genomic or biological characteristics for tailoring the 'right treatment for the right person at the right time'. Robust methodology is required for PM clinical trials, to correctly identify groups of participants and treatments. As an initial step for the development of new recommendations on trial designs for PM, we aimed to present an overview of the study designs that have been used in this field.
designScoping review.
methodsWe searched (April 2020) PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for all reports in English, French, German, Italian and Spanish, describing study designs for clinical trials applied to PM. Study selection and data extraction were performed in duplicate resolving disagreements by consensus or by involving a third expert reviewer. We extracted information on the characteristics of trial designs and examples of current applications of these approaches. The extracted information was used to generate a new classification of trial designs for PM.
resultsWe identified 21 trial designs, 10 subtypes and 30 variations of trial designs applied to PM, which we classified into four core categories (namely, Master protocol, Randomise-all, Biomarker strategy and Enrichment). We found 131 clinical trials using these designs, of which the great majority were master protocols (86/131, 65.6%). Most of the trials were phase II studies (75/131, 57.2%) in the field of oncology (113/131, 86.3%). We identified 34 main features of trial designs regarding different aspects (eg, framework, control group, randomisation). The four core categories and 34 features were merged into a double-entry table to create a new classification of trial designs for PM.
conclusionsA variety of trial designs exists and is applied to PM. A new classification of trial designs is proposed to help readers to navigate the complex field of PM clinical trials.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.