ArticleEndocrine connections2022
Premature menopause and autoimmune primary ovarian insufficiency in two international multi-center cohorts.
Article in Endocrine connections, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of celiac disease with menstrual and hormonal disturbances: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2026Pooled it
- Hormone therapy (HT) in women with premature ovarian insufficiency or early menopause: Time to think of a new paradigm for healthy aging. A joint FIGO and IMS position paper.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- A bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization study of depressed mood and premature ovarian insufficiency.Medicine · 2026Article
- Spontaneous conception and successful live birth during hormone replacement therapy in a patient with iatrogenic premature ovarian insufficiency: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Pyroptosis in premature ovarian insufficiency: pathogenic mechanisms, pathway crosstalk, and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Ovarian SUMO-2/3 targets and their differential response to genotoxic stress induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene exposure in lean and obese female mice†.Biology of reproduction · 2025Article
- Autoimmune Disease is Increased in Women With Primary Ovarian Insufficiency.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Eriodictyol alleviates ovarian dysfunction in a mouse model of premature ovarian failure via the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway and suppression of macrophage inflammation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- The dual burden of obesity: decoding metabolism and female reproductive endocrinology.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- The Impact of Age at First Sexual Intercourse on Female Reproductive Disorders: A Mendelian Randomized Study.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Premature ovarian insufficiency.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2024Review
- Improving diagnostic precision in primary ovarian insufficiency using comprehensive genetic and autoantibody testing.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Primary ovarian insufficiency: update on clinical and genetic findings.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Parsing Genetic and Autoimmune Etiology in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.JCEM case reports · 2023Article
- The Role ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 14 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To investigate markers of premature menopause (<40 years) and specifically the prevalence of autoimmune primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in European women. Design: Postmenopausal women were categorized according to age at menopause and self-reported reason for menopause in a cross-sectional analysis of 6870 women. Methods: Variables associated with the timing of menopause and hormone measurements of 17β-estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone were explored using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Specific immunoprecipitating assays of steroidogenic autoantibodies against 21-hydroxylase (21-OH), side-chain cleavage enzyme (anti-SCC) and 17alpha-hydroxylase (17 OH), as well as NACHT leucine-rich-repeat protein 5 were used to identify women with likely autoimmune POI. Results: Premature menopause was identified in 2.8% of women, and these women had higher frequencies of nulliparity (37.4% vs 19.7%), obesity (28.7% vs 21.4%), osteoporosis (17.1% vs 11.6%), hormone replacement therapy (59.1% vs 36.9%) and never smokers (60.1% vs 50.9%) (P < 0.05), compared to women with menopause ≥40 years. Iatrogenic causes were found in 91 (47%) and non-ovarian causes in 27 (14%) women, while 77 (39%) women were classified as POI of unknown cause, resulting in a 1.1% prevalence of idiopathic POI. After adjustments nulliparity was the only variable significantly associated with POI (odds ratio 2.46; 95% CI 1.63-3.42). Based on the presence of autoantibodies against 21 OH and SCC, 4.5% of POI cases were of likely autoimmune origin. Conclusion: Idiopathic POI affects 1.1% of all women and almost half of the women with premature menopause. Autoimmunity explains 4.5% of these cases judged by positive steroidogenic autoantibodies.
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