ArticleFEMS microbiology letters2022
The VirF21:VirF30 protein ratio is affected by temperature and impacts Shigella flexneri host cell invasion.
Article in FEMS microbiology letters, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dual screen for gut metabolites suppressing enterobacterial growth and invasiveness reveals structure-activity relationships among anti-infective indoles.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- The pcnB gene sustains Shigella flexneri virulence.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Enhanced virulence and stress tolerance are signatures of epidemiologically successful Shigella sonnei.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A scalable gut epithelial organoid model reveals the genome-wide colonization landscape of a human-adapted pathogen.Nature genetics · 2025Article
- (p)ppGpp is required for virulence ofInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Article
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- Fatty Acids AbolishMicrobiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Roles of Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems in Shigella Virulence.Biomolecules · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Shigella spp, the etiological agents of bacillary dysentery in humans, have evolved an intricate regulatory strategy to ensure fine-tuned expression of virulence genes in response to environmental stimuli. A key component in this regulation is VirF, an AraC-like transcription factor, which at the host temperature (37°C) triggers, directly or indirectly, the expression of > 30 virulence genes important for invasion of the intestinal epithelium. Previous work identified two different forms of VirF with distinct functions: VirF30 activates virulence gene expression, while VirF21 appears to negatively regulate virF itself. Moreover, VirF21 originates from either differential translation of the virF mRNA or from a shorter leaderless mRNA (llmRNA). Here we report that both expression of the virF21 llmRNA and the VirF21:VirF30 protein ratio are higher at 30°C than at 37°C, suggesting a possible involvement of VirF21 in minimizing virulence gene expression outside the host (30°C). Ectopic elevation of VirF21 levels at 37°C indeed suppresses Shigella´s ability to infect epithelial cells. Finally, we find that the VirF21 C-terminal portion, predicted to contain a Helix-Turn-Helix motif (HTH2), is required for the functionality of this negative virulence regulator.
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Registered trials
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