ArticleDisease models & mechanisms2022
Accessible analysis of longitudinal data with linear mixed effects models.
Article in Disease models & mechanisms, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multi-omic profiling a defined bacterial consortium for treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Mismatch Responses to Prosodic Changes in Children With Developmental Language Disorder: A Longitudinal Approach.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Mental Toughness and 2K Rowing Performance in Division II Female Collegiate Athletes: A Longitudinal Analysis Using Mixed-Effects Modeling.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-Guided 5% Dextrose Hydrodissection Procedures for Persistent and Recurrent Post-Surgical Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Prospective Single-Center Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effect of Chitooligosaccharides-Combination Fortified Noodles Intervention on Visceral Adiposity and Serum Metabolites in a High-Risk Occupational Cohort of Young Seafarers.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- Effect of a trauma-informed care training program for a community care team working for young pregnant women: a longitudinal study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- A Comparison of Four Selected Acoustic Measures in Detecting Voice Quality Changes With Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Adductor-Type Laryngeal Dystonia.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2026Article
- Metabolic profiles in adults with trauma receiving enteral nutrition support: A metabolomic cohort study.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2026Article
- Intestinal Energy Absorption is Associated with Post-Bariatric Surgery Weight Loss.Obesity surgery · 2026Article
- Hydroxychloroquine Associated With Lower Glomerular Filtration Rate Decline in Lupus Nephritis.Arthritis care & research · 2026Article
- Long-term dynamic of muscle mass and its effectors in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a 5-year prospective cohort study.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2026Article
- Free but declining: the paradox of contraceptive uptake in Burkina Faso.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- Reply to the Comment by Zhang et al.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Prenatal exposure to hyperglycemia and child growth trajectories in the first 3 years of life: a prospective birth cohort.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- A review of engraftment assessments following fecal microbiota transplant.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Association between daily dose of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and change in glycated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes: interpretation of mixed-effects machine-learning models using electronic medical records.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP) Amplitude Trajectories and Pattern in Adults with 5q-Spinal Muscular Atrophy Receiving Nusinersen Therapy: A Multicenter, Binational Observational Study.European journal of neurology · 2025Observational
- Hierarchical clustering approach to movement smoothness and temporal adaptation in rhythmic step aerobics training in middle aged women.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Yanomami skin microbiome complexity challenges prevailing concepts of healthy skin.Nature communications · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Longitudinal studies are commonly used to examine possible causal factors associated with human health and disease. However, the statistical models, such as two-way ANOVA, often applied in these studies do not appropriately model the experimental design, resulting in biased and imprecise results. Here, we describe the linear mixed effects (LME) model and how to use it for longitudinal studies. We re-analyze a dataset published by Blanton et al. in 2016 that modeled growth trajectories in mice after microbiome implantation from nourished or malnourished children. We compare the fit and stability of different parameterizations of ANOVA and LME models; most models found that the nourished versus malnourished growth trajectories differed significantly. We show through simulation that the results from the two-way ANOVA and LME models are not always consistent. Incorrectly modeling correlated data can result in increased rates of false positives or false negatives, supporting the need to model correlated data correctly. We provide an interactive Shiny App to enable accessible and appropriate analysis of longitudinal data using LME models.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.