ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2022
COVAX and equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines.
Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global maternal mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- 'I Think From the Beginning, the Ambitions Were Compromised': A Case Study of COVAX as Vaccine Equity Policy Operationalisation.The International journal of health planning and management · 2026Article
- Pandemic paradox: How the COVID-19 crisis transformed vaccine hesitancy into a two-edged sword.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Predeparture Test Results and Vaccination Coverage among US-Bound Refugees, 2020-2022.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- On-Chip De Novo Production of mRNA Vaccine in Lipid Nanoparticles.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Beyond the Pandemic Era: Recent Advances and Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Against Emerging Variants of Concern.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Experts' Views on Factors Influencing Resource Allocation for Infectious Disease Emergencies Based on Humanitarian Principles: A Qualitative Study.AJPM focus · 2025Article
- Association Between COVID19 Vaccination Uptake and Socio-Demographic Characteristics Among Pregnant Women in Kenya.The East African health research journal · 2025Article
- Antispike IgG antibody decay after immunisation with fractional versus full booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines: a 6-month longitudinal analysis of the FRACT-COV trial in Brazil.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Surveillance Metrics and History of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Central Asia: Updated Epidemiological Assessment.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Long COVID Syndrome: A Narrative Review on Burden of Age and Vaccination.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- COVID-19 Vaccination and Public Health: Addressing Global, Regional, and Within-Country Inequalities.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Updated Surveillance Metrics and History of the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020-2023) in Latin America and the Caribbean: Longitudinal Trend Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Transcytosis-Driven Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders by mRNA-Expressed Antibody-Transferrin Conjugates.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Article
- Role of vaccination in patients with human monkeypox virus and its cardiovascular manifestations.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Review
- The role of vaccines in the COVID-19 pandemic: what have we learned?Seminars in immunopathology · 2024Review
- COVID-19 vaccination strategies in settings with limited rollout capacity: a mathematical modelling case study in Sierra Leone.BMC public health · 2023Article
- The road to recovery: impact of COVID-19 on healthcare utilization in South Korea in 2016-2022 using an interrupted time-series analysis.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2023Article
- Vaccine access, equity and justice: COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination.BMJ global health · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate equity in the allocation and distribution of vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to countries and territories participating in the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) Facility. Methods: We used publicly available data on the numbers of COVAX vaccine doses allocated and distributed to 88 countries and territories qualifying for COVAX-sponsored vaccine doses and 60 countries self-financing their vaccine doses facilitated by COVAX. We conducted a benefit-incident analysis to examine the allocation and distribution of vaccines based on countries' gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. We plotted cumulative country-level per capita allocation and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines from COVAX against the ranked per capita GDP of the countries and territories to generate a measure of the equity of COVAX benefits. Findings: By 23 January 2022 the COVAX Facility had allocated a total of 1 678 517 990 COVID-19 vaccine doses, of which 1 028 291 430 (61%) doses were distributed to 148 countries and territories. Taking account of COVAX subsidies, we found that countries and territories with low per capita GDP benefited more than higher-income countries in the numbers of vaccines. The benefits increased further when the analysis was adjusted by population age group (aged 65 years and older). Conclusion: The COVAX Facility is helping to balance global inequities in the allocation and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines. However, COVAX alone has not been enough to reverse the inequality of total COVID-19 vaccine distribution. Future studies could examine the equity of all COVID-19 vaccine allocation and distribution beyond the COVAX-facilitated vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.