ReviewFrontiers in systems neuroscience2022
Unrelenting Fear Under Stress: Neural Circuits and Mechanisms for the Immediate Extinction Deficit.
Review in Frontiers in systems neuroscience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perceptual Processing Speed, Social Intelligence and Football Refereeing Performance: The Conditional Role of Attentional Control.Journal of Intelligence · 2026Article
- Locus coeruleus-amygdala circuit disrupts prefrontal control to impair fear extinction.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Article
- Prefrontal hypoactivity correlates with immediate extinction deficit following Pavlovian fear conditioning with a chasing threat.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Local and network neural activations and their associations with sleep parameters during threat conditioning and extinction in persons with Generalized Anxiety Disorder with and without Insomnia Disorder.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The lateralized LC-NAergic system distinguishes vicarious versus direct fear in mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Current State of the Neuroscience of Fear Extinction and Its Relevance to Anxiety Disorders.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Optogenetic inhibition of the locus coeruleus blocks vagus nerve stimulation-induced enhancement of extinction of conditioned fear in rats.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Selective Modulation of Fear Memory in Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- The impact of extinction timing on pre-extinction arousal and subsequent return of fear.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Replication study on the role of dopamine-dependent prefrontal reactivations in human extinction memory retrieval.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The power of belief? Evidence of reduced fear extinction learning in Catholic God believers.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Neural circuits for the adaptive regulation of fear and extinction memory.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2024Review
- Article
- 360-Degree Perspectives on Obesity.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Regulate Stress-Induced Fear Extinction Impairments in Male and Female Rats.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- The Entangled Brain.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2023Article
- The neural circuits and molecular mechanisms underlying fear dysregulation in posttraumatic stress disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Beyond Fear, Extinction, and Freezing: Strategies for Improving the Translational Value of Animal Conditioning Research.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- Trauma and Remembering: From Neuronal Circuits to Molecules.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions for disorders of fear and anxiety rely on behavioral approaches that reduce pathological fear memories. For example, learning that threat-predictive stimuli are no longer associated with aversive outcomes is central to the extinction of conditioned fear responses. Unfortunately, fear memories are durable, long-lasting, and resistant to extinction, particularly under high levels of stress. This is illustrated by the "immediate extinction deficit," which is characterized by a poor long-term reduction of conditioned fear when extinction procedures are attempted within hours of fear conditioning. Here, I will review recent work that has provided new insight into the neural mechanisms underlying resistance to fear extinction. Emerging studies reveal that locus coeruleus norepinephrine modulates amygdala-prefrontal cortical circuits that are critical for extinction learning. These data suggest that stress-induced activation of brain neuromodulatory systems biases fear memory at the expense of extinction learning. Behavioral and pharmacological strategies to reduce stress in patients undergoing exposure therapy might improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.