ArticleClinical epidemiology2022
A Framework for Visualizing Study Designs and Data Observability in Electronic Health Record Data.
Article in Clinical epidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bowel cancer care in individuals with an intellectual disability: a population-based cohort study of symptoms, diagnostic pathways, treatment and survival.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Persistence of romosozumab vs. teriparatide in Japanese older adults aged ≥ 75 years with osteoporosis: a population-based cohort study.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Article
- Machine learning-based risk prediction model development for acute kidney injury in type 2 myocardial infarction patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Non-TNFi biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: A propensity score-matched, active-comparator, new-user study.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2025Article
- Real-world evidence: state-of-the-art and future perspectives.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of Ampicillin-Sulbactam Versus Ceftriaxone for the Initial Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Older Adults: A Target Trial Emulation Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Estimating the incidence of actionable drug-gene interactions in Japanese patients with major depressive disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Core Concepts: Self-Controlled Designs in Pharmacoepidemiology.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of Disease-Modifying Treatment on Spinal Cord Lesion Formation in Relapse-Onset Multiple Sclerosis: An MSBase Registry Study.CNS drugs · 2024Article
- Calibrating Observational Health Record Data Against a Randomized Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- The Impact of Longitudinal Data-Completeness of Electronic Health Record Data on the Prediction Performance of Clinical Risk Scores.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2023Article
- Worldwide Trends in Registering Real-World Studies at ClinicalTrials.gov: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
- Visualizations throughout pharmacoepidemiology study planning, implementation, and reporting.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: There is growing interest in using evidence generated from clinical practice data to support regulatory, coverage and other healthcare decision-making. A graphical framework for depicting longitudinal study designs to mitigate this barrier was introduced and has found wide acceptance. We sought to enhance the framework to contain information that helps readers assess the appropriateness of the source data in which the study design was applied. Methods: For the enhanced graphical framework, we added a simple visualization of data type and observability to capture differences between electronic health record (EHR) and other registry data that may have limited data continuity and insurance claims data that have enrollment files. Results: We illustrate the revised graphical framework with 2 example studies conducted using different data sources, including administrative claims only, EHR only, linked claims and EHR, as well as specialty community based EHRs with and without external linkages. Conclusion: The enhanced visualization framework is important because evaluation of study validity needs to consider the triad of study question, design, and data together. Any given data source or study design may be appropriate for some questions but not others.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.