ArticleEuropean journal of midwifery2022
Women's perceptions of the pain assessment and non-pharmacological pain relief methods used during labor: A cross-sectional survey.
Article in European journal of midwifery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06035172 (The Effect of Guided Imagery and Music Play on Labor Pain, Anxiety, and Birth Experience), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Guided Imagery and Music Play on Labor Pain, Anxiety, and Birth Experience: A Randomized Controlled Study
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of gum chewing and cold therapy on postoperative cesarean women's self-assessed pain levels and narcotics use: a comparative study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Trial
- Comparison of four unidimensional pain scales and women's preferences during the first stage of labor: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Article
- Women's Knowledge about Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Methods of Pain Relief in Labor.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe use of non-pharmacological pain relief methods and pain assessment scales during labor has received limited research attention. This study aimed to describe women's perceptions of the pain assessment and non-pharmacological pain relief methods used during labor.
methodsA descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted. A convenience sample of women (n=204) from one Finnish maternity ward participated in the study. Women who had given birth were asked to respond to a validated questionnaire between November 2018 and February 2019. The statistical significance of observed differences was analyzed using the chi-squared test.
resultsLess than half (46%) of the women who gave birth at the hospital were asked to assess the intensity of their pain on a pain assessment scale. The most commonly used non-pharmacological pain relief methods were encouragement (92%), the presence of a midwife (82%), and proper breathing technique that was taught by a midwife (81%). Aqua blisters (3%), reflexology (e.g. zone magnets, 5%), and music (9%) were the least commonly used non-pharmacological methods during labor. The participants' experiences of fear and pain were significantly associated with the implementation of pain assessment.
conclusionsWomen's pain was rarely evaluated by using a certain pain assessment scale. In addition, non-pharmacological pain relief methods were inadequately used during labor. More specifically, methods that required midwives' own personal contributions were rarely offered to the women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.