ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Association of Online Search Trends With Vaccination in the United States: June 2020 Through May 2021.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Online interest in calcitonin gene-related peptide-therapies: An infodemiology study using Google trends.Headache · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Analysis of Obesity Drug Use and Public Awareness.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Temporal trends in online searches related to COVID-19 vaccine safety: A digital infodemiology study.Health promotion perspectives · 2024Article
- Online searches for hepatocellular carcinoma drugs mirror prescription trends across specialties and changes in guideline recommendations.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal dynamic and regional differences of public attention to vaccination: An empirical study in China.PloS one · 2024Article
- Did the COVID-19 pandemic impact urticaria information-seeking behavior in China? A retrospective longitudinal study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Stagnating COVID-19 vaccination rates and vaccine hesitancy remain a threat to public health. Improved strategies for real-time tracking and estimation of population-level behavior regarding vaccinations are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether online search trends for COIVD-19 and influenza mirror vaccination rates. State-level weekly fraction of online searches for top vaccination-related search terms and CDC vaccination data were obtained from June 1, 2020, to May 31, 2021. Next, trends in online search and vaccination data for COVID-19 and influenza were analyzed for visual and quantitative correlation patterns using Spearman's rank correlation analysis. Online searches in the US for COVID-19 vaccinations increased 2.71-fold (95% CI: 1.98-3.45) in the 4 weeks after the FDA emergency authorization compared to the precedent 4 weeks. In March-April 2021, US online searches reached a plateau that was followed by a decline of 83.3% (95% CI: 31.2%-135.3%) until May 31, 2021. The timing of peaks in online searches varied across US states. Online searches were strongly correlated with vaccination rates (r=0.71, 95% CI: 0.45 - 0.87), preceding actual reported vaccination rates in 44 of 51 states. Online search trends preceded vaccination trends by a median of 3.0 weeks (95% CI: 2.0-4.0 weeks) across all states. For influenza vaccination searches, seasonal peaks in September-October between 2016-2020 were noted. Influenza search trends highly correlated with the timing of actual vaccinations for the 2019-2020 (r=0.82, 95% CI: 0.64 - 0.93) and 2020-2021 season (r=0.91, 95% CI: 0.78 - 0.97). Search trends and real-world vaccination rates are highly correlated. Temporal alignment and correlation levels were higher for influenza vaccinations; however, only online searches for COVID-19 vaccination preceded vaccination trends. These findings indicate that US online search data can potentially guide public health efforts, including policy changes and identifying geographical areas to expand vaccination campaigns.
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