ArticleNeurocritical care2022
Early Hyperchloremia is Independently Associated with Death or Disability in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
Article in Neurocritical care, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01176565 (Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage (ATACH)-II: A Phase III Randomized Multicenter Clinical Trial of Blood Pressure Reduction for Hypertension in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transforming Intracerebral Hemorrhage Care with Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Machine learning model to predict sepsis in ICU patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Explainable machine learning for predicting neurological outcome in hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke patients in critical care.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Early Hyperchloremia and Outcomes After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Analysis of Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Hypertonic Saline Trial.Critical care explorations · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the effect of hyperchloremia on the prognosis and mortality of medical intensive care patients: a single-center study.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2022Article
- Retrospective Evaluation of the Prognosis and Prevalence of Hyperchloremia in Dogs and Cats.Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOn the basis of increased mortality associated with hyperchloremia among critically ill patients, we investigated the effect of occurrence of early hyperchloremia on death or disability at 90 days in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).
methodsWe analyzed the data from Antihypertensive Treatment of Cerebral Hemorrhage 2 trial, which recruited patients with spontaneous ICH within 4.5 h of symptom onset. Patients with increased serum chloride levels (110 mmol/L or greater) at either baseline or 24, 48, or 72 h after randomization were identified. We further graded hyperchloremia into one occurrence or two or more occurrences within the first 72 h. Two logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the effects of hyperchloremia on (1) death within 90 days and (2) death or disability at 90 days after adjustment for potential confounders.
resultsAmong the total of 1,000 patients analyzed, hyperchloremia within 72 h was seen in 114 patients with one occurrence and in 154 patients with two or more occurrences. Patients with one occurrence of hyperchloremia (odds ratio [OR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-5.5) and those with two or more occurrences (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.0) had significantly higher odds of death within 90 days after adjustment for age, race and ethnicity, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score strata, hematoma volume, presence or absence of intraventricular hemorrhage, cigarette smoking, previous stroke, and maximum hourly dose of nicardipine. Patients with two or more occurrences of hyperchloremia (OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.1-5.6) had significantly higher odds of death or disability at 90 days compared with patients without hyperchloremia after adjustment for the abovementioned potential confounders.
conclusionsThe independent association between hyperchloremia and death or disability at 90 days suggests that avoidance of hyperchloremia may reduce the observed death or disability in patients with ICH. CLINICAL
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01176565.
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