ArticleScientific reports2022
Anal incontinence after a prolonged second stage of labor in primiparous women.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analysis of the correlation between the duration of the second stage of labor and recent postpartum pelvic floor injury in primiparous.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of intravenous hyoscine butylbromide on slow progress in labor (BUSCLAB): A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2024Trial
- Postpartum Sexual Function in Women with Intrapartum Pelvic Floor Muscle Trauma.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Impact of episiotomy on anal incontinence following second- to fourth-degree perineal tears-A cohort study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Kicking Off Motherhood: Considering Return to Play Postpartum in the Footballer.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Association Between Active Phase of the Second Stage of Labour and Obstetrical Anal Sphincter Injury Risk: A Contemporary, Retrospective, Population-Based Cohort Study.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Inconsistent definitions of prolonged labor in international literature: a scoping review.AJOG global reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the effect of delivery mode on anal incontinence 1-2 years after delivery in primiparous women with prolonged second stage of labor. This population-based cohort and questionnaire study performed in Stockholm Region, Sweden, included 1302 primiparous women with a second stage ≥ 3 h from December 1st, 2017 through November 30th, 2018. Background characteristics and outcome data were retrieved from computerized records. Questionnaires based on Wexner score were distributed 1-2 years after delivery. Risk of anal incontinence, defined as Wexner score ≥ 2, was calculated using logistic regression and presented as crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR and aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Compared with cesarean section, vacuum extraction was associated with anal incontinence (aOR 2.25, 95% CI 1.21-4.18) while spontaneous delivery was not (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 0.85-2.84). Anal incontinence was independently associated with obstetric anal sphincter injuries (aOR 2.03, 95% CI 1.17-3.5) and 2nd degree perineal tears (aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03-1.81) compared with no or 1st degree perineal tear. Obstetric anal sphincter injury at vacuum extraction inferred the highest risk of anal incontinence (aOR 4.06, 95% CI 1.80-9.14), compared with cesarean section. Increasing duration of the prolonged second stage did not affect the risk.
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