ReviewNature reviews. Disease primers2022
Achalasia.
Review in Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term outcomes of peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis with median follow-up ≥ 5 years.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Pooled it
- Esophageal and Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: Clinical Recommendations From the United European Gastroenterology and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility.United European gastroenterology journal · 2025Guideline
- Standard length of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for achalasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus · 2024Pooled it
- Global trends in incidence and prevalence of achalasia, 1925-2021: A systematic review and meta-analysis.United European gastroenterology journal · 2024Pooled it
- Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil) effects on esophageal motility: a systematic review.BMC gastroenterology · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical characteristics and manometric findings of esophageal achalasia-a systematic review regarding differences among three subtypes.Journal of smooth muscle research = Nihon Heikatsukin Gakkai kikanshi · 2023Pooled it
- Esophageal peristalsis in health and disease: mechanistic insights.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Impact of educational pamphlet in achalasia care: education as therapy among Pakistani patients.Esophagus : official journal of the Japan Esophageal Society · 2026Article
- Risk factors and predictive model for gas-related adverse events following peroral endoscopic myotomy.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Associations of allergic diseases with the risk of incident achalasia of cardia: A large prospective cohort study and Mendelian randomization.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- Higher Area Deprivation Index scores predict incomplete pre-operative high-resolution manometry in Achalasia patients undergoing peroral endoscopic myotomy.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- A frameshift variant in FAM129C contributes to achalasia through B cell responses against the GABANature communications · 2026Article
- Modern treatment for achalasia: endoscopic and surgical therapies.The British journal of surgery · 2026Review
- A Soft-Robotic Biomimetic Benchtop Model for Esophageal Motility Simulation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- The Role of Functional Lumen Imaging Probe (FLIP) in Addition to High-Resolution Manometry and Timed Barium Esophagram in Treated Achalasia Patients With Persistent or Recurrent Symptoms.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2026Observational
- Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of achalasia in postmenopausal women: A nationwide cohort study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Management of Recurrent Dysphagia after POEM and Heller Myotomy: Current Strategies and Future Directions.Current gastroenterology reports · 2026Review
- Association between preoperative pan-esophageal pressurization and peristalsis recovery after per-oral endoscopic myotomy in achalasia.Gastroenterology report · 2026Article
- Idiopathic achalasia: unraveling the etiology and pathogenesis of an inflammatory disease.Gastroenterology report · 2026Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 7 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Achalasia is a rare disorder of the oesophageal smooth muscle characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or spastic contractions in the oesophageal body. The key pathophysiological mechanism is loss of inhibitory nerve function that probably results from an autoimmune attack targeting oesophageal myenteric nerves through cell-mediated and, possibly, antibody-mediated mechanisms. Achalasia incidence and prevalence increase with age, but the disorder can affect all ages and both sexes. Cardinal symptoms consist of dysphagia, regurgitation, chest pain and weight loss. Several years can pass between symptom onset and an achalasia diagnosis. Evaluation starts with endoscopy to rule out structural causes, followed by high-resolution manometry and/or barium radiography. Functional lumen imaging probe can provide complementary evidence. Achalasia subtypes have management and prognostic implications. Although symptom questionnaires are not useful for diagnosis, the Eckardt score is a simple symptom scoring scale that helps to quantify symptom response to therapy. Oral pharmacotherapy is not particularly effective. Botulinum toxin injection into the LES can temporize symptoms and function as a bridge to definitive therapy. Pneumatic dilation, per-oral endoscopic myotomy and laparoscopic Heller myotomy can provide durable symptom benefit. End-stage achalasia with a dilated, non-functioning oesophagus may require oesophagectomy or enteral feeding into the stomach. Long-term complications can, rarely, include oesophageal cancer, but surveillance recommendations have not been established.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.