Observational studyJournal of the Royal Society of Medicine2022
Racial discrimination, low trust in the health system and COVID-19 vaccine uptake: a longitudinal observational study of 633 UK adults from ethnic minority groups.
Observational study in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The association between populist-aligned views and engagement with public health interventions: a systematic review of longitudinal studies.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Why do people trust (or mistrust) health organizations? A systematic review.International journal for equity in health · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A qualitative evaluation of the effectiveness of behaviour change techniques used in the Healthy Eating and Active Lifestyles for Diabetes (HEAL-D) intervention.BMC public health · 2025Trial
- Individual and Environmental Correlations with Vaccination Status in Canada: The COHESION study.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- The role of institutional trust in shaping the relationship between vaccine concerns and ongoing COVID-19 vaccination in a US national cohort.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- AI-Enhanced Conversational Agents for Personalized Asthma Support in People With Asthma: Factors for Engagement, Value, and Efficacy in a Cross-Sectional Survey Study.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- Influential Factors when Making Decisions About Dementia Medications in Memory Assessment Services; a Focused Ethnography and Interview Study.Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology · 2026Article
- Article
- Ethnicity, subjective wellbeing, and cardiovascular disease: insights from path and machine learning analyses using data from the UK biobank.BMC public health · 2025Article
- A Qualitative Exploration of the Lived Experience of Menopause Among Black Women in the United Kingdom.Public health challenges · 2025Article
- Intersectionality and Long Covid: Understanding the Lived Experiences of Ethnic Minority Groups in the United Kingdom.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Predictors of vaccine uptake during a pandemic: The interplay of lifetime discrimination, educational attainment, and family support.Journal of health psychology · 2025Article
- End-of-life dementia care: a qualitative study of the experiences and perceptions of minority ethnic and economically disadvantaged groups.Age and ageing · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Rates and Associated Factors in Racially Diverse Parents in Canada: The Threat From Conspiracy Beliefs and Racial Discrimination.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Spatial multilevel analysis of individual, household, and community factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the Dominican Republic.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Trust in healthcare and perceived discrimination in Sweden: a fixed effects analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Context dependent preferences in prestige bias learning about vaccination in rural Namibian pastoralists.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic and demographic patterning of family uptake of a paediatric electronic patient portal innovation.PLOS digital health · 2024Article
- Marginalisation and distrust in the context of the COVID-19 vaccination programme: experiences of communities in a northern UK city region.BMC public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo examine whether racial/ethnic discrimination predicts future COVID-19 vaccine refusal, and whether this association is explained by trust in government and the health system.
designLongitudinal observational study of racial/ethnic discrimination occurring since the start of the first lockdown (measured in July 2020) and later COVID-19 vaccine status.
settingUK (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland).
participantsA total of 633 adults belonging to ethnic minority groups who took part in the UCL COVID-19 Social Study.
main outcome measuresCOVID-19 vaccine refusal (vs. accepted/waiting/had at least one dose) between 23 December 2020 and 14 June 2021.
resultsNearly 1 in 10 (6.69%) who had refused a COVID-19 vaccine had experienced racial/ethnic discrimination in a medical setting since the start of the pandemic and had experienced twice as many incidents of racial/ethnic discrimination than those who had accepted the vaccine. Structural equation modelling results indicated a nearly four fold (odds ratio = 3.91, 95% confidence interval = 1.40 to 10.92) total effect of racial/ethnic discrimination on refusing the vaccine which was mediated by low trust in the health system to handle the pandemic (odds ratio = 2.49, 95% confidence interval = 1.12 to 5.39). Analyses adjusted for a range of demographic and COVID-19 related factors.
conclusionsFindings underscore the importance of addressing racial/ethnic discrimination and the role the National Health Service in regaining trust from ethnic minority groups to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake among ethnic minority adults.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.