ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022
Relative Vaccine Effectiveness of a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Messenger RNA Vaccine Booster Dose Against the Omicron Variant.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness of Booster Doses Against Delta and Omicron Variants Over Follow-up Times Using Longitudinal Meta-analysis.Journal of research in health sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Reporting of Observational Studies Explicitly Aiming to Emulate Randomized Trials: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines and the added benefit of booster doses in Hessen, Germany, during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a vaccinated-only study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Design and Implementation of Observational Studies Emulating a Target Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- COVID-19 related symptoms and the second infection status of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with lung cancer: A single-center, six-month longitudinal observational study.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2025Article
- Article
- Design and analysis heterogeneity in observational studies of COVID-19 booster effectiveness: A review and case study.Science advances · 2023Review
- Virologic Outcomes with Molnupiravir in Non-hospitalized Adult Patients with COVID-19 from the Randomized, Placebo-Controlled MOVe-OUT Trial.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2023Article
- Molnupiravir Use and 30-Day Hospitalizations or Death in a Previously Uninfected Nonhospitalized High-risk Population With COVID-19.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Booster Against Omicron Infection Among Quarantined Close Contacts.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Primary Series and Booster Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Effectiveness in a Cohort of Healthcare Workers in Albania During a BA.1 and BA.2 Variant Period, January-May 2022.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Impact of prior SARS-COV-2 infection and vaccination on COVID-19 hospital admission and mortality amongst nursing home residents.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Article
- Design and Analysis Heterogeneity in Observational Studies of COVID-19 Booster Effectiveness: A Review and Case Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of Booster Doses of Monovalent mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Against Symptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Children, Adolescents, and Adults During Omicron Subvariant BA.2/BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5 Predominant Periods.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Hybrid Immunity Provides Protective Advantage Over Vaccination or Prior Remote Coronavirus Disease 2019 Alone.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Vaccine-Induced or Hybrid Immunity and COVID-19-Associated Mortality During the Omicron Wave.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2023Article
- Article
- Race with virus evolution: The development and application of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.Biomedical journal · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines may be less effective against the Omicron variant than against earlier variants. With recent resurgence of SARS-CoV-2 cases, the role of booster doses of the vaccine needs to be highlighted.
methodsUsing a retrospective cohort study design emulating a target trial, we determined the relative vaccine effectiveness (RVE) of a homologous booster dose of a SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine compared with the primary vaccine series alone in preventing infection, hospitalization, and intensive care unit admission, and death in the Department of Veterans Affairs healthcare system in the United States. Among infection-free survivors who received 2 doses of a mRNA vaccine before 30 April 2021, we identified those who received a booster between 22 September and 25 December 2021 and matched them 1:1 with individuals who did not receive a booster.
resultsAmong 2 384 272 previously uninfected persons with 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine by 30 April 2021, we identified 462 950 booster recipients between 22 September and 25 December 2021, who were matched 1:1 with non-booster recipients. The RVE (95% confidence interval) was 19% (17%-22%) for confirmed infection, 52% (46%-57%) for hospitalization, and 83% (65%-92%) for intensive care unit admission or death. Recipients of the mRNA-1273 vaccine had a lower cumulative incidence of infections and hospitalizations than recipients of the BNT162b2 vaccine (log-rank P <.001 for both comparisons).
conclusionsWhile the RVE of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA booster vaccine dose in preventing infection against the Omicron variant is low, it is substantial in preventing hospitalization and high in preventing the most severe/critical disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.