ArticleJMIR formative research2022
Automated Analysis of Drawing Process to Estimate Global Cognition in Older Adults: Preliminary International Validation on the US and Japan Data Sets.
Article in JMIR formative research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnosis accuracy of touchscreen-based testings for major neurocognitive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Age and ageing · 2025Pooled it
- Combining Linguistic, Behavioral and Visuospatial Measures to Characterize Multidomain Impairment in Dementia.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of digital clock drawing test for Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- A functional approach to model intrinsic capacity in ageing trajectories.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A tablet-based multi-dimensional drawing system can effectively distinguish patients with amnestic MCI from healthy individuals.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Novel Development and Prospects in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2024Review
- Combination of Paper and Electronic Trail Making Tests for Automatic Analysis of Cognitive Impairment: Development and Validation Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- Quantification of Movement Error from Spiral Drawing Test.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Characteristics of Drawing Process Differentiate Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWith the aging of populations worldwide, early detection of cognitive impairments has become a research and clinical priority, particularly to enable preventive intervention for dementia. Automated analysis of the drawing process has been studied as a promising means for lightweight, self-administered cognitive assessment. However, this approach has not been sufficiently tested for its applicability across populations.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of automated analysis of the drawing process for estimating global cognition in community-dwelling older adults across populations in different nations.
methodsWe collected drawing data with a digital tablet, along with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores for assessment of global cognition, from 92 community-dwelling older adults in the United States and Japan. We automatically extracted 6 drawing features that characterize the drawing process in terms of the drawing speed, pauses between drawings, pen pressure, and pen inclinations. We then investigated the association between the drawing features and MoCA scores through correlation and machine learning-based regression analyses.
resultsWe found that, with low MoCA scores, there tended to be higher variability in the drawing speed, a higher pause:drawing duration ratio, and lower variability in the pen's horizontal inclination in both the US and Japan data sets. A machine learning model that used drawing features to estimate MoCA scores demonstrated its capability to generalize from the US dataset to the Japan dataset (R
conclusionsThis study presents initial empirical evidence of the capability of automated analysis of the drawing process as an estimator of global cognition that is applicable across populations. Our results suggest that such automated analysis may enable the development of a practical tool for international use in self-administered, automated cognitive assessment.
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