ArticleNucleic acids research2022
Identification and characterization of the WYL BrxR protein and its gene as separable regulatory elements of a BREX phage restriction system.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed.
- Surviving phage attack primes bacterial immunity to defeat counterdefenses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- DNA modifications of Durham Collection phages and promiscuity of GmrSD-family Type IV restriction enzyme BrxU.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- A DNA damage-activated kinase phosphorylates a transcriptional repressor to control bacterial immune pathway expression.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Multiple forms of protein-protein and DNA binding are exhibited by BrxC from the BREX phage restriction system.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanism of a single stranded DNA-stimulated bacterial immune peptidase.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Competing forms of protein-protein association and DNA binding exhibited by BrxC from the BREX phage restriction system.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Transcription activation mechanism of a noncanonical DNA damage response pathway by the WYL-activator, DriD.Science advances · 2026Article
- A WYL transcriptional regulator activates the DNA damage response pathway in Acinetobacter species.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- A DNA damage-activated kinase controls bacterial immune pathway expression.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Expanding the landscape of BREX diversity: uncovering multi-layered functional frameworks and identification of novel BREX-related defense systems.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Mechanistic basis for protein conjugation in a diverged bacterial ubiquitination pathway.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Article
- Biology of host-dependent restriction-modification in prokaryotes.EcoSal Plus · 2025Review
- The two-component nuclease-active KELShedu system confers broad antiphage activity via abortive infection.Science advances · 2025Article
- Modified DNA substrate selectivity by GmrSD-family Type IV restriction enzyme BrxU.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- An activator regulates the DNA damage response and anti-phage defense networks in Moraxellaceae.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Pseudomonads coordinate innate defense against viruses and bacteria with a single regulatory system.Cell host & microbe · 2025Article
- PglZ from Type I BREX phage defence systems is a metal-dependent nuclease that forms a sub-complex with BrxB.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Structural diversity and oligomerization of bacterial ubiquitin-like proteins.Structure (London, England : 1993) · 2025Article
- Allosteric activation mechanism of DriD, a WYL-domain containing transcription regulator.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Pseudomonads coordinate innate defense against viruses and bacteria with a single regulatory system.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
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12 authors.
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Abstract
Bacteriophage exclusion ('BREX') phage restriction systems are found in a wide range of bacteria. Various BREX systems encode unique combinations of proteins that usually include a site-specific methyltransferase; none appear to contain a nuclease. Here we describe the identification and characterization of a Type I BREX system from Acinetobacter and the effect of deleting each BREX ORF on growth, methylation, and restriction. We identified a previously uncharacterized gene in the BREX operon that is dispensable for methylation but involved in restriction. Biochemical and crystallographic analyses of this factor, which we term BrxR ('BREX Regulator'), demonstrate that it forms a homodimer and specifically binds a DNA target site upstream of its transcription start site. Deletion of the BrxR gene causes cell toxicity, reduces restriction, and significantly increases the expression of BrxC. In contrast, the introduction of a premature stop codon into the BrxR gene, or a point mutation blocking its DNA binding ability, has little effect on restriction, implying that the BrxR coding sequence and BrxR protein play independent functional roles. We speculate that elements within the BrxR coding sequence are involved in cis regulation of anti-phage activity, while the BrxR protein itself plays an additional regulatory role, perhaps during horizontal transfer.
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