ArticlePhysiological reports2022
Heightened levels of plasma growth differentiation factor 15 in men living with HIV.
Article in Physiological reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Liver-specific Expression of HIV-1 Viral Protein R Causes Hepatic Steatosis and Glucose Intolerance in Male Mice.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
- Circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 and growth differentiation factor 15 are associated with severity of hepatic steatosis in people with HIV.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- CROI 2024: Metabolic and Other Complications of HIV Infection.Topics in antiviral medicine · 2024Review
- Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Energy Balance Paradigms in People Living With HIV.Endocrine reviews · 2024Review
- Heightened levels of plasma growth differentiation factor 15 in men living with HIV.Physiological reports · 2022Article
- Growth differentiation factor-15 as a biomarker of atherosclerotic coronary plaque: Value in people living with and without HIV.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Plasma biomarkers that reflect energy balance disorders in people living with HIV (PLWH) remain limited. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) abundance in plasma of mice and humans induces negative energy balance but also becomes highly elevated in obesity and other metabolic diseases. We sought to compare plasma GDF15 levels in PLWH and HIV-negative persons and mouse models expressing the HIV accessory protein Vpr (that recapitulate HIV-associated metabolic disorders) and determine their relationship to metabolic parameters. We measured liver Gdf15 mRNA levels and plasma GDF15 levels in male Vpr mice and littermate controls. In parallel, we analyzed plasma GDF15 levels in 18 male PLWH on stable, long-term antiretroviral therapy and 13 HIV-negative men (6 healthy controls and 7 with metabolic syndrome). Plasma GDF15 levels were correlated with anthropometric and immune cell parameters in humans. Gene expression analysis of Vpr mouse liver demonstrated elevated Gdf15 mRNA. Plasma GDF15 levels were also higher in Vpr mouse models. Levels of plasma GDF15 in PLWH were greater than in both HIV-negative groups and correlated positively with the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio in PLWH. Plasma GDF15 levels correlated positively with age in the HIV-negative subjects but not in PLWH. Since GDF15 levels predict fatty liver disease and energy balance disorders, further studies are warranted to determine the effect of GDF15 in mediating the metabolic disturbances that occur in Vpr mice and PLWH.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.