ReviewJournal of inflammation research2022
Health and Environmental Risks of Incense Smoke: Mechanistic Insights and Cumulative Evidence.
Review in Journal of inflammation research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Incense Burning and the Risk of Lung Cancer in Asian Population: Meta-Analysis of Nine Case-Control Studies.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Pooled it
- The Assessment of Dry Eye Disease in Incense Users: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study Integrating Clinical and Tear Biomarker Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Incense Aerosol-Induced Neurotoxicity Disrupts α-Synuclein Homeostasis in a Cellular Parkinson's Disease Model, Distinct from Cigarette Aerosols.Chemical research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Size-Segregated Incense Aerosols Drive ROS-Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Programmed Cell Death Across Human Cell Types.Chemical research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Cultural sensitivity and patient-centered care regarding incense and candle smoke emissions.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Article
- [Identification and determination of organic compounds in the gas and particulate matter released by incense burning by ultrasonic extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography · 2025Article
- Peaks, sources, and immediate health impacts of PMJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- Indoor incense burning and impaired lung function in patients with diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Incense Use and the Risk of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the Singapore Chinese Health Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Invited Perspective: Incense Burning and Cardiovascular Risk-A Rising Concern.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Characterizing PMEnvironmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Exploring the Relationship Between Bakhour Use and Respiratory Health: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia.International journal of general medicine · 2024Article
- Evaluating the Impact of Individual and Combined Toxicity of Imidacloprid, Cycloxaprid, and Tebuconazole onToxics · 2023Article
- 4-Dimensional printing: exploring current and future capabilities in biomedical and healthcare systems-a Concise review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Indoor Exposure and Regional Inhaled Deposited Dose Rate during Smoking and Incense Stick Burning-The Jordanian Case as an Example for Eastern Mediterranean Conditions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Deleterious Effect of Air Pollution on Human Microbial Community and Bacterial Flora: A Short Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Incense burning is practiced alongside many sacred rituals across different regions of the world. Invariable constituents of incense brands are 21% (by weight) herbal and wood powder, 33% bamboo stick, 35% fragrance material, and 11% adhesive powder. Major incense-combustion outputs include particulate matter (PM), volatile organic content, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The relative toxicity of these products is an implicit function of particle size and incomplete combustion, which in turn vary for a specific incense brand. Lately, the attention given to the Air Quality Index by international regulatory bodies has created concern about mounting PM toxicity. The uncharacteristically small physical dimensions of these entities complicates their detection, and with no effect of gravity PM fractions rapidly contribute to oxidative stress, enhancing random biochemical reactions upon being inhaled. Incense burning generates four times the PM extent (45 mg•g
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.