ArticleIntestinal research2022
One-year clinical efficacy and safety of indigo naturalis for active ulcerative colitis: a real-world prospective study.
Article in Intestinal research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Indigo naturalis for inflammatory bowel disease: evidence from animal studies and molecular mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Herbal Medicines for the Treatment of Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Macrophage-Mediated Transport of Insoluble Indirubin Induces Hepatic Injury During Intestinal Inflammation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Indigo naturalis‑associated ischemic injury of colorectal mucosa: A case series study.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2025Article
- Selected Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Agents in IBD.Current gastroenterology reports · 2025Review
- Reply to "Ferroptosis in the colon epithelial cells as a therapeutic target for ulcerative colitis".Journal of gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Ferroptosis in the colon epithelial cells as a therapeutic target for ulcerative colitis.Journal of gastroenterology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimsRecent studies suggested a favorable effect of indigo naturalis (IN) in inducing remission for refractory ulcerative colitis (UC), however, the maintenance effect of IN for patients with UC remains unknown. Therefore, we conducted a prospective uncontrolled open-label study to analyze the efficacy and safety of IN for patients with UC.
methodsPatients with moderate to severe active UC (clinical activity index [CAI] ≥ 8) took 2 g/day of IN for 52 weeks. CAI at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 52 and Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) and Geboes score (GS) at weeks 0, 4, and 52 were assessed. Clinical remission (CAI ≤ 4), mucosal healing (MES ≤ 1), and histological healing (GS ≤ 1) rates at each assessment were evaluated. Overall adverse events (AEs) during study period were also evaluated. The impact of IN on mucosal microbial composition was assessed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences.
resultsThirty-three patients were enrolled. The rates of clinical remission at weeks 4, 8, and 52 were 67%, 76%, and 73%, respectively. The rates of mucosal healing at weeks 4 and 52 were 48% and 70%, respectively. AEs occurred in 17 patients (51.5%) during follow-up. Four patients (12.1%) showed severe AEs, among whom 3 manifested acute colitis. No significant alteration in the mucosal microbial composition was observed with IN treatment.
conclusionsOne-year treatment of moderate to severe UC with IN was effective. IN might be a promising therapeutic option for maintaining remission in UC, although the relatively high rate of AEs should be considered.
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