ArticleMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)2022
Formulation of IMXQB: Nanoparticles Based on Quillaja brasiliensis Saponins to be Used as Vaccine Adjuvants.
Article in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation ofVaccines · 2025Article
- Leaf Saponins ofPharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Intranasal Delivery ofVaccines · 2024Article
- The quest for nanoparticle-powered vaccines in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Article
- ISCOM-Matrices Nanoformulation Using the Raw Aqueous Extract ofBioNanoScience · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adjuvants are essential components of subunit, recombinant, nonreplicating and killed vaccines, as they are substances that boost, shape, and/or enhance the immune response triggered by vaccination. Saponins obtained from the Chilean Q. saponaria tree are used as vaccine adjuvants in commercial vaccines, although they are scarce and difficult to obtain. In addition, tree felling is needed during its extraction, which has ecological impact. Q. brasiliensis leaf-extracted saponins arise as a more sustainable alternative, although its use is still limited to preclinical studies. Despite the remarkable immunostimulating properties of saponins, they are toxic to mammalian cells, due to their intrinsic characteristics. For these reasons they are mostly used in veterinary vaccines, although recently the Q. saponaria purified saponin QS-21 has been included in adjuvant systems for human vaccines, such as Mosquirix and Shingrix (GSK). In order to abrogate the toxicity of the saponins fractions, they can be formulated as immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMs). ISCOM-matrices are cage-like nanoparticles of approximately 40 nm, formulated combining saponins and lipids, without antigen, and are great adjuvants able to promote Th1-biased immune responses in a safe manner. Herein we describe how to formulate ISCOM-matrices nanoparticles using Q. brasiliensis purified saponin fractions (IMXQB) by the dialysis method. In addition, we indicate how to verify the appropriate size and homogeneity of the formulated nanoparticles.
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