ArticleScientific reports2022
Metformin combined with local irradiation provokes abscopal effects in a murine rectal cancer model.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metformin as an Innate Immune Modulator: Metabolic and Epigenetic Reprogramming of Innate Immune Cells and Therapeutic Implications.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Development of orthotopic mouse models for mid-low rectal cancer.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Preventive Effect of Metformin in Radiation-Induced Xerostomia.Advanced biology · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms underlying the abscopal effect induced by radiotherapy and its synergistic translational potential with immunotherapy.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Review
- Radiosensitizing Effects of Metformin on Ionizing Irradiation: An Overview of Animal and Clinical Studies.Current drug research reviews · 2025Review
- Ferroptosis: Frenemy of Radiotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Metronomic cyclophosphamide and metformin inhibited tumor growth and repopulated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in an experimental carcinoma model.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- The Metformin Immunoregulatory Actions in Tumor Suppression and Normal Tissues Protection.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and cryoablation-induced abscopal effect: Challenges and future prospects.Cancer innovation · 2023Review
- The Impact of Metformin on Tumor-Infiltrated Immune Cells: Preclinical and Clinical Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Metformin is a metabolic modulator and radiosensitiser in rectal cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Metformin and Its Immune-Mediated Effects in Various Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although preoperative chemoradiation therapy can down-stage locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), it has little effect on distant metastases. Metformin exerts an anti-cancer effect partly through the activation of host immunity. LuM1, a highly lung metastatic subclone of colon 26, was injected subcutaneously (sc) in BALB/c mice and treated with metformin and/or local radiation (RT). Lung metastases and the primary tumors were evaluated and the phenotypes of immune cells in the spleen and lung metastases were examined with flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Local RT, but not metformin, partially delayed the growth of sc tumor which was augmented with metformin. Lung metastases were unchanged in metformin or RT alone, but significantly reduced in the combined therapy. The ratios of splenic T cells tended to be low in the RT group, which were increased by the addition of metformin. IFN-γ production of the splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was enhanced and CD49b (+) CD335(+) activated NK cells was increased after combined treatment group. Density of NK cells infiltrating in lung metastases was increased after combination treatment. Metformin effectively enhances local and abscopal effects of RT though the activation of cell-mediated immunity and might be clinically useful for LARC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.