ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2022
Anthropometric measures and breast cancer risk among Hispanic women in Puerto Rico.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Obesity and Risk of Pre- and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer in Africa: A Systematic Review.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Pooled it
- The relationship between central obesity and risk of breast cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of 7,989,315 women.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- The association between adiposity indices and the odds of breast cancer based on findings from a case control study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Trends in the Disease Burden and Risk Factors of Women's Cancers in China From 1990 to 2019.International journal of public health · 2024Article
- A body shape index (ABSI) is associated inversely with post-menopausal progesterone-receptor-negative breast cancer risk in a large European cohort.BMC cancer · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionIncreased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer associated with anthropometric measures including Body Mass Index (BMI), adult weight gain, and waist circumference has been observed in North American and European populations, but little evidence is available for Hispanic women. Breast cancer is the leading type of cancer, and leading cause of cancer-related deaths among Hispanic women in Puerto Rico (PR). However, compared with the United States, breast cancer incidence rates are lower but increasing more rapidly. PURPOSE: To examine associations between anthropometric characteristics and breast cancer risk in Hispanic women in PR.
methodsData from a population-based case-control study in the San Juan metropolitan region (cases = 315; controls = 348) were used to examine associations between anthropometric measures and breast cancer risk, also considering menopausal status and hormone therapy (HT).
resultsAmong premenopausal participants, there was a significant trend for lower odds of breast cancer with higher BMI and borderline significant with higher waist to height ratio (WHtR). For postmenopausal participants, a significant trend for lower odds of breast cancer was observed with higher WHtR, and waist to hip ratio (WHR), borderline significant with higher BMI, and higher odds with height. Among postmenopausal participants using HT, a significant trend for lower odds of breast cancer was observed with higher waist circumference, WHtR, WHR, and body shape index.
conclusionOur study provides evidence of anthropometric differences in relation to breast cancer risk in PR compared to previous studies. Future studies should include analyses of fat and lean mass distribution, and hormone receptor status to further understand anthropometry and breast cancer risk among Hispanic women.
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