ArticleDeutsches Arzteblatt international2022
Mental, Neurological, and Somatic Comorbidities and Their Treatment in Persons With Intellectual Disability.
Article in Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Electroconvulsive therapy in people with intellectual disability].Der Nervenarzt · 2025Pooled it
- Integrative Care for Challenging Behaviors in People with Intellectual Disabilities to Reduce Challenging Behaviors and Inappropriate Psychotropic Drug Prescribing Compared with Care as Usual: A Cluster-Randomized Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Trial
- [Aging with intellectual and developmental disabilities or severe multiple disabilities-health, participation, and care in later life].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026Review
- Effect of Specialized Psychiatric Assessment and Precision Diagnosis on Pharmacotherapy in Adults with Intellectual Disability.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- [Cancer in people with an intellectual disability in Germany: prevalence, genetics, and care situation].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2024Review
- In Reply.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2023Article
- Insufficient Healthcare Services.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPersons with intellectual disability (ID) often suffer from significant comorbidities. As data have been lacking until now, the present report is the first one containing outpatient data on the prevalence of ID in Germany, its comorbidities, and outpatient (drug) treatment.
methodsThis study is based on the nationwide outpatient billing data and drug prescription data of all SHI-insured adults (SHI, statutory health insurance) (age 18-109) who were seen at least once in an outpatient medical practice in 2018. Patients with at least two F70-F79 diagnoses in two quarters were included in the study group (SG) (n = 324 428). A random sample of patients without ID served as the control/comparison group (CG) (n = 648 856). The odds ratios (SG vs. CG) for comorbidities, prescriptions of selected classes of drugs, and involvement of medical specialties were each analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.
resultsThe prevalence of ID was 0.55%. ID was found to be associated with a variety of comorbidities. The highest odds ratios [OR] were for infantile cerebral palsy (OR: 121.71; 95% confidence interval: [111.67; 132.67]), autism spectrum disorders (OR: 83.85 [75.54; 93.08]), and developmental disabilities (OR: 61.34 [58.86; 63.94]). The most frequently prescribed drug categories (as classified by the anatomic-therapeutic-chemical (ATC) convention) were psychoactive drugs (antipsychotic, anxiolytic, and hypnotic drugs and sedatives) and antiepileptic drugs (OR: 10.40 [10.27; 10.53] and 9.90 [9.75; 10.05], respectively). Both general practitioners (OR: 2.64 [2.59; 2.69]) and medical specialists were consulted by the SG more frequently than by the CG; the type of specialist most commonly consulted was in the neuropsychiatric field, i.e., a neurologist or psychiatrist (OR: 6.85 [6.77; 6.92]).
conclusionA diagnosis of ID frequently appears in outpatient billing data. Future analyses should be devoted to the specific care of people with intellectual disability, who constitute an especially multimorbid and vulnerable patient group.
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