ReviewBMC public health2022
A review of the prevalence, trends, and determinants of coexisting forms of malnutrition in neonates, infants, and children.
Review in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Factors influencing concurrent wasting, stunting, and underweight among children under five who suffered from severe acute malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Variations in the association between standalone and coexisting forms of undernutrition and common infectious morbidities among children in sub-Saharan Africa.Global health research and policy · 2026Article
- Risk Factors of Coexisting Form of Undernutrition Among Under-5 Children in Bangladesh: Evidence From BDHS 2022 Data in a Bayesian Setting.Child: care, health and development · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with coexisting forms of malnutrition among Malaysian children in the SEANUTS II Study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Exploring Beyond the Cyclical Dynamics of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene With Coexisting Forms of Malnutrition Among Children Under 5 in Pakistan.International journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Prevalence and trends of coexisting forms of malnutrition and its associated factors among children aged 6-59 months in South and Southeast Asia, 1996-2022: a cross-sectional time series study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Post-crisis health reality and wellbeing of children within Syria: a scoping review of research from 2012 to 2024.Conflict and health · 2025Review
- Coexisting forms of malnutrition among under-5 children in Bangladesh: results from 2012 to 13 and 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Co-Occurrences of Forms of Child Undernutrition in India: Insights from the National Family Health Survey.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Burden of undernutrition and its associated factors among children aged 6-59 months: findings from 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey (EDHS) data.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Animal models for understanding the mechanisms of malnutrition: a literature review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Observational
- Wasting coexisting with underweight and stunting among children aged 6‒59 months hospitalised in Garissa County Referral Hospital, Kenya.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Exploring the Relationship of Paediatric Nutritional Status with Diarrhoeal Disease in Children Below Two Years of Age.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Theories, determinants, and intervention models and approaches on inequalities of undernutrition amongst under fives: A literature review.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Assessing the relationship of maternal short stature with coexisting forms of malnutrition among neonates, infants, and young children of Pakistan.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of coexisting forms of malnutrition in children under 5 years age in a rural area of Cameroon.PloS one · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveCoexisting Forms of Malnutrition (CFM) refers to the presence of more than one type of nutritional disorder in an individual. Worldwide, CFM affects more than half of all malnourished children, and compared to standalone forms of malnutrition, CFM is associated with a higher risk of illness and death. This review examined published literature for assessing the prevalence, trends, and determinants of CFM in neonates, infants, and children.
methodsA review of community-based observational studies was conducted. Seven databases, (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were used in December-2021 to retrieve literature. Google, Google Scholar and TROVE were used to search for grey literature. Key stakeholders were also contacted for unpublished documents. Studies measuring the prevalence, and/or trends, and/or determinants of CFM presenting in individuals were included. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools for prevalence and longitudinal studies.
resultsThe search retrieved 14,207 articles, of which 24 were included in this review. The prevalence of CFM varied by geographical area and specific types. In children under 5 years, the coexistence of stunting with overweight/obesity ranged from 0.8% in the United States to over 10% in Ukraine and Syria, while the prevalence of coexisting wasting with stunting ranged from 0.1% in most of the South American countries to 9.2% in Niger. A decrease in CFM prevalence was observed in all countries, except Indonesia. Studies in China and Indonesia showed a positive association between rurality of residence and coexisting stunting with overweight/obesity. Evidence for other risk and protective factors for CFM is too minimal or conflicting to be conclusive.
conclusionEvidence regarding the prevalence, determinants and trends for CFM is scarce. Apart from the coexistence of stunting with overweight/obesity, the determinants of other types of CFM are unclear. CFM in any form results in an increased risk of health adversities which can be different from comparable standalone forms, thus, there is an urgent need to explore the determinants and distribution of different types of CFM.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.