SynthesisBMJ open2022
Is short-term and long-term exposure to black carbon associated with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases? A systematic review and meta-analysis based on evidence reliability.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term exposure to elemental carbon and disease incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Pooled it
- Long-term exposure to particulate matter on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Is black carbon associated with cardiovascular and cancer mortality? Evidence from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort.Global health action · 2026Article
- Advancing Long-Term Outdoor Air Pollution Exposure Assessment for Health Studies: Lessons from a Multinational Research Initiative.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- Black Carbon-Attributable Mortality and Its Disparity Across the Population Subgroups in India.GeoHealth · 2026Article
- Association between charcoal cooking fuel and cardiovascular disease prevalence in Haiti: a cross-sectional analysis.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Real-Time Assessment of Black Carbon Peaks Among Workers Exposed to Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions.Safety and health at work · 2026Article
- Traffic-related air pollutant exposure and physical performance in the Adult Changes in Thought cohort.Environment international · 2025Article
- Impact of residential cooking and heating on temporal changes of black carbon in rural India.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Lifetime air pollution exposure from prenatal to 18 years and cardiovascular health in young adulthood: findings from a UK birth cohort.Environment international · 2025Article
- Article
- Relation of wind direction and coal terminal activity patterns with air pollution burden in a community bordering a coal export terminal, Curtis Bay, Maryland, USA.Air quality, atmosphere, & health · 2025Article
- Cognitive Performance and Long-term Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution: Findings From the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol Substudy of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA-HCAP).The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Black Carbon Air Pollution and Incident Mortality Among the Advance-Aged Adults in China: A Prospective Cohort Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Mobile laboratory measurements of air pollutants in Baltimore, MD elucidate issues of environmental justice.Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995) · 2024Article
- Adverse Effects of Black Carbon (BC) Exposure during Pregnancy on Maternal and Fetal Health: A Contemporary Review.Toxics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveAdverse health effects of fine particles (particulate matter
designThe systematic review and meta-analysis using adapted Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach and p value plots approach. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched from inception to 19 July 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Time series, case cross-over and cohort studies that evaluated the associations between BC/EC on cardiovascular or respiratory morbidity or mortality were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Outcomes were analysed via a random effects model and reported as relative risk (RR) with 95% CI. The certainty of evidences was assessed by adapted GRADE. The reliabilities of meta-analyses were analysed by p value plots.
resultsSeventy studies met our inclusion criteria. (1) Short-term exposure to BC/EC was associated with 1.6% (95% CI 0.4% to 2.8%) increase in cardiovascular diseases per 1 µg/m
conclusionsBoth short-term and long-term exposures to BC/EC were related with cardiovascular diseases. However, the impact of BC/EC on respiratory diseases did not present consistent evidence and further investigations are required. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020186244.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.