ArticleActa psychiatrica Scandinavica2022
Prevalence and predictors of ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder and complex PTSD in young people.
Article in Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of functional impairment related to post-traumatic stress in children and adolescents: a systematic review.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Pooled it
- Psychological Interventions for Complex Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Systematic Review.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Pooled it
- Digital-Based Interventions for Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2024Pooled it
- Complex PTSD symptom trajectories in trauma-exposed adolescents: a five-year longitudinal study.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic comparisons of PTSD and complex PTSD in clinical adolescents: Detection rates and ACEs as risk factors.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Posttraumatic stress disorder from early childhood to late adolescence: a resilience-oriented approach to prevention, diagnosis, and clinical management.Discover mental health · 2026Review
- Trauma exposure, prevalence and associated factors of complex PTSD in mainland China: a cross-sectional survey.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Stress reactivity during short trauma narratives in adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Construction and initial validation of the International Trauma Questionnaire - Caregiver Version (ITQ-CG): assessing ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD in children from caregiver perspective.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Traumatic Events, Psychopathology, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the General Community and First Responders: Presence of Symptoms and Associated Factors.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Article
- Can We Trust the International Trauma Questionnaire? A Comprehensive Systematic Meta-Analytic Review of Its Reliability Across Cultural Contexts in Adult and Child/Adolescent Versions.Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Article
- I don't know-responses in the international trauma questionnaire caregiver-version: caregivers' knowledge about children's mental health.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Obsessive-compulsive symptoms as a unique presentation of complex posttraumatic stress disorder in Southeast Asia: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Psychological therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Article
- Post-traumatic stress disorder: evolving conceptualization and evidence, and future research directions.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025Article
- Posttraumatic stress disorder in disaster-exposed youth: examining diagnostic concordance and model fit using ICD-11 and DSM-5 criteria.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Self-harm, Suicide, and ICD-11 Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Treatment-Seeking Adolescents with Major Depression.Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2024Article
- EMDR-Teens-cPTSD: Efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in Adolescents with Complex PTSD Secondary to Childhood Abuse: A Case Series.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Making sense of change after Intensive Trauma Treatment: a mixed-methods study into adolescents' experience of efficacy.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2024Article
- Exploring networks of complex developmental trauma symptomatology among children and adolescents involved in child welfare.JCPP advances · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe prevalence, construct validity, risk factors and psychopathological correlates associated with ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) as measured by the International Trauma Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ITQ-CA) were assessed in a sample of young people from Northern Ireland.
methodParticipants were trauma-exposed 11-19-year-olds (N = 507) who participated in the Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Prevalence Survey (YWS-NI, 2020). Factor mixture modelling (FMM) was used to test the latent structure of the ITQ-CA. Risk-factors and psychopathological correlates associated with latent class membership, and ICD-11diagnostic status, were also investigated.
resultsMore participants met the ITQ-CA criteria for CPTSD (3.4%, n = 44) than PTSD (1.5%, n = 19). A second-order FMM comprising a 'partial-PTSD class', a 'CPTSD class', a 'DSO class' and a 'low symptom endorsement class' was the best-fitting model. Younger age and cumulative trauma were risk factors for all trauma classes. Female gender and two or more violent traumas were significant predictors of the 'PTSD' and 'CPTSD' classes, while single sexual trauma was a significant predictor of the 'DSO' and 'CPTSD' classes. Two or more sexual traumas was a unique predictor of 'CPTSD class', while two or more vicarious traumas was a unique predictor of 'DSO class'. The 'CPTSD' class displayed the most notable comorbidity.
conclusionsFindings indicate that CPTSD may be more prevalent than PTSD in children and young people. Support for the ICD-11 conceptualisation of CPTSD as representing a unique diagnostic construct was supported using FMM, with findings indicating trauma symptom class-specific risk profiles.
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