ArticleBMC rheumatology2022
Validity and reliability of the Persian version of illness invalidation inventory (3*I) among patients with non-inflammatory rheumatic painful disorders.
Article in BMC rheumatology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Burning Mouth Syndrome: Understanding the Biopsychosocial Dimensions of Invisible Pain.Journal of oral rehabilitation · 2026Observational
- What do we know about medical invalidation and related concepts? - A scoping review and thematic analysis about the definitions, measurements, causes, consequences and potential solutions for medical invalidation.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Pain invalidation is an independent determinant of fibromyalgia, irrespective of depression.The Korean journal of pain · 2025Article
- Discounting seems the most toxic dimension of invalidation in fibromyalgia: a cross-sectional analysis.Rheumatology international · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundThe Invalidation Illness Inventory (3*I) is an instrument that assesses invalidation (including discounting and lack of understanding dimensions) experienced by patients with rheumatic disorders. This study aimed to translate and validate the 3*I in Iran.
methodsFollowing translation of the 3*I into the Iranian language (Persian), a cross-sectional study was conducted. A consecutive sample of females with chronic non-inflammatory rheumatic painful diseases completed the questionnaire. Patients also completed the Revised Symptom Impact Questionnaire (SIQR) and the Short Form Health Survey-12 (SF-12). To examine convergent validity, the correlation between the 3*I, the SIQR, and the SF-12 was assessed. The reliability of the 3*I was examined by internal consistency (the Cronbach's alpha coefficient) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
resultsIn all 196 patients participated in the study. The mean (SD) age of patients was 45.62 ± 10.70 years. Several significant correlations between the Invalidation Illness Inventory (discounting/lack of understanding) with the symptom impact (SIQR) and the short form health survey (SF-12) were observed lending support to the convergent validity of the 3*I. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were acceptable for most dimensions and sources, ranging from 0.52 to 0.88. Most ICC values for the dimensions of 3*I were above 0.75.
conclusionsThe findings indicated that the Persian version of Illness Invalidation Inventory (3*I) is a valid instrument for invalidation assessment in patients with chronic pain. Given the high frequency of perceived invalidation among patients with rheumatic painful disorders, serious attention is needed to the issue in clinical and research settings.
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