Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35500608›Full record

ArticleOphthalmology2022

Metastatic Death Based on Presenting Features and Treatment for Advanced Intraocular Retinoblastoma: A Multicenter Registry-Based Study.

Ankit Singh Tomar, Paul T Finger, Brenda Gallie, Tero T Kivelä, Ashwin Mallipatna, Chengyue Zhang, Junyang Zhao, Matthew W Wilson, Rachel C Brennan, Michala Burges and 32 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. The trends of retinoblastoma research in the past decade.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Update on Retinoblastoma Therapies.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025
    Review
  5. Review
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  7. Article
  8. Mutational analysis of theFrontiers in medicine · 2024
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

42 authors at 18 institutions in 14 countries.

Ankit Singh TomarDepartment of Ocular Tumor, Orbital Disease, and Ophthalmic Radiation Therapy, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, New York.
Paul T FingerDepartment of Ocular Tumor, Orbital Disease, and Ophthalmic Radiation Therapy, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, New York. Electronic address: pfinger@eyecancer.com.
Brenda GallieThe Eye Cancer Clinic, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
Tero T KiveläOcular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Ashwin MallipatnaThe Eye Cancer Clinic, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Ocular Oncology, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bangalore, India.
Chengyue ZhangPediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China.
Junyang ZhaoPediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China.
Matthew W WilsonDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, and Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
Rachel C BrennanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, and Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
Michala BurgesDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, and Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
Jonathan KimUSC Roski Eye Institute, Keck Medical School of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; The Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Jesse L BerryUSC Roski Eye Institute, Keck Medical School of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; The Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Rima JubranUSC Roski Eye Institute, Keck Medical School of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; The Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Vikas KhetanDepartment of Vitreoretina Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Suganeswari GanesanDepartment of Vitreoretina Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Andrey YarovoyOcular Oncology Department, The S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Vera YarovayaOcular Oncology Department, The S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Elena KotovaOcular Oncology Department, The S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Denis VolodinOcular Oncology Department, The S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Yacoub A YousefDepartment of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.
Kalle NummiOcular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Tatiana L UshakovaSRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation; Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Olga V YugaySRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Vladimir G PolyakovSRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation; Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Marco A Ramirez-OrtizDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.
Elizabeth Esparza-AguiarDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.
Guillermo ChantadaHemato-Oncology service, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
Paula SchaiquevichPrecision Medicine Coordination Hospital JP Garrahan and CONICET, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Adriana FandinoOphthalmology Service Hospital JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Jason C YamDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Winnie W LauDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Carol P LamDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Phillipa SharwoodSave Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Sonia MoorthyKK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
Quah Boon LongKK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
Vera Adobea EssumanOphthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Lorna A RennerDepartment of Child Health, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Ekaterina SemenovaDepartment of Ocular Tumor, Orbital Disease, and Ophthalmic Radiation Therapy, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, New York.
Jaume Català-MoraRetinoblastoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu. Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
Genoveva Correa-LlanoRetinoblastoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu. Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
Elisa CarrerasRetinoblastoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu. Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
American Joint Committee on Cancer Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force
Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona · ESIntersectoral Research and Technology Complex Eye Microsurgery · RUChinese University of Hong Kong · HKEye Cancer Foundation · USRussian Cancer Research Center NN Blokhin · RUSt. Jude Children's Research Hospital · USUniversity of Southern California · USBeijing Children’s Hospital · CNHospital for Sick Children · CAHospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez · MXKK Women's and Children's Hospital · SGSankara Nethralaya · INUniversity of Ghana · GHUniversity of Helsinki · FIConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · ARGarrahan Hospital · ARKing Hussein Cancer Center · JOThe University of Sydney · AU

Funding

Development of a surrogate liquid biopsy from the aqueous humor in retinoblastoma eyes.K08CA232344 · NCI · CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF LOS ANGELES · PI BERRY, JESSE L · 2018 to 2022
$1.1M
NCI NIH HHS K08 CA232344
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo evaluate presenting features, tumor size, and treatment methods for risk of metastatic death due to advanced intraocular retinoblastoma (RB).

designInternational, multicenter, registry-based retrospective case series.

participantsA total of 1841 patients with advanced RB.

methodsAdvanced RB was defined by 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) categories cT2 and cT3 and new AJCC-Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force (OOTF) Size Groups (1: < 50% of globe volume, 2: > 50% but < 2/3, 3: > 2/3, and 4: diffuse infiltrating RB). Treatments were primary enucleation, systemic chemotherapy with secondary enucleation, and systemic chemotherapy with eye salvage.

main outcome measuresMetastatic death.

resultsThe 5-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival estimates by patient-level AJCC clinical subcategories were 98% for cT2a, 96% for cT2b, 88% for cT3a, 95% for cT3b, 92% for cT3c, 84% for cT3d, and 75% for cT3e RB. Survival estimates by treatment modality were 96% for primary enucleation, 89% for systemic chemotherapy and secondary enucleation, and 90% for systemic chemotherapy with eye salvage. Risk of metastatic mortality increased with increasing cT subcategory (P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis confirmed a higher risk of metastatic mortality in categories cT3c (glaucoma, hazard ratio [HR], 4.9; P = 0.011), cT3d (intraocular hemorrhage, HR, 14.0; P < 0.001), and cT3e (orbital cellulitis, HR, 19.6; P < 0.001) than in category cT2a and with systemic chemotherapy with secondary enucleation (HR, 3.3; P < 0.001) and eye salvage (HR, 4.9; P < 0.001) than with primary enucleation. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival estimates by AJCC-OOTF Size Groups 1 to 4 were 99%, 96%, 94%, and 83%, respectively. Mortality from metastatic RB increased with increasing Size Group (P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that patients with Size Group 3 (HR, 10.0; P = 0.002) and 4 (HR, 41.1; P < 0.001) had a greater risk of metastatic mortality than Size Group 1.

conclusionsThe AJCC-RB cT2 and cT3 subcategories and size-based AJCC-OOTF Groups 3 (> 2/3 globe volume) and 4 (diffuse infiltrating RB) provided a robust stratification of clinical risk for metastatic death in advanced intraocular RB. Primary enucleation offered the highest survival rates for patients with advanced intraocular RB.

Indexed as

Retinal NeoplasmsRetinoblastomaEye EnucleationHumansInfantRegistriesRetrospective StudiesAdvancedAJCCChemotherapyEnucleationInternationalMetastasisMulticenterRegistryRetinoblastomaStaging

Identifiers

PMID35500608
PMCPMC9329221
OpenAlexW4225139493

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.