ReviewPhytotherapy research : PTR2022
Emerging trends of edible vaccine therapy for combating human diseases especially COVID-19: Pros, cons, and future challenges.
Review in Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Variants during COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Viruses · 2023Pooled it
- Plant Biofactories for Vaccination: Progress in Edible Vaccine Technologies as a Sustainable Approach to Global Immunization.Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Plant-Based Oral Vaccines: Molecular Biotechnology Approaches Toward Functional Food-Based Immunization.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Review
- Duckweed-based edible vaccine confers complete protection against avian infectious bronchitis virus by inducing robust mucosal and systemic immunity.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Edible Vaccines: A Patent-Driven Exploration of Immunization Technologies.Recent patents on biotechnology · 2025Review
- Leveraging Walnut Somatic Embryos as a Biomanufacturing Platform for Recombinant Proteins and Metabolites.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2024Article
- Recent development of oral vaccines (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Review
- Biotechnologically Engineered Plants.Biology · 2023Review
- Nanotechnology-Based RNA Vaccines: Fundamentals, Advantages and Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Emerging trends of edible vaccine therapy for combating human diseases especially COVID-19: Pros, cons, and future challenges.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The researchers are still doing efforts to develop an effective, reliable, and easily accessible vaccine candidate to protect against COVID-19. As of the August 2020, nearly 30 conventional vaccines have been emerged in clinical trials, and more than 200 vaccines are in various development stages. Nowadays, plants are also considered as a potential source for the production of monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, drugs, immunomodulatory proteins, as well as used as bioreactors or factories for their bulk production. The scientific evidences enlighten that plants are the rich source of oral vaccines, which can be given either by eating the edible parts of plants and/or by oral administration of highly refined proteins. The use of plant-based edible vaccines is an emerging trend as it possesses minimum or no side effects compared with synthetic vaccines. This review article gives insights into different types of vaccines, the use of edible vaccines, advantages of edible vaccines over conventional vaccines, and mechanism of action of edible vaccines. This review article also focuses on the applications of edible vaccines in wide-range of human diseases especially against COVID-19 with emphasis on future perspectives of the use of edible vaccines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.