ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2022
Circulating FGF21 and GDF15 as Biomarkers for Screening, Diagnosis, and Severity Assessment of Primary Mitochondrial Disorders in Children.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) in Paediatric Disease: A Systematic Review.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of the neuroprotective role and biomarker potential of GDF15 in neurodegeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- The burden of mitochondrial disease with associated seizures: systematic literature reviews of health-related quality of life, utilities, costs and healthcare resource use data.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Cumulative and Interactive Effects of Heavy Metal Mixtures Across Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Comparative Review of Alzheimer, Parkinson, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Review
- Distinct Urea Cycle Dysfunction Profiles Differentiate Acute Metabolic Decompensation in TMEM70 and MT-ATP6-Related Mitochondrial ATP Synthase Defects.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2026Article
- The hallmarks of skeletal muscle health.Nature metabolism · 2026Review
- Novel Endocrine Signaling Axis in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Interactions and Therapeutic Potential of FGF21 and GDF15.Journal of cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Advances in Primary Mitochondrial Diseases: Diagnosis, Natural History Studies and Clinical Trials.Genes · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy: bridging molecular mechanisms and clinical frontiers.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Late-onset severe axonal polyneuropathy in mut0 methylmalonic acidemia after liver-kidney transplantation: a genotype-informed case report.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- From Pharmacodynamic Biomarker to Evaluating Treatment Response: Biomarkers in Primary Mitochondrial Diseases.Clinical and translational science · 2026Review
- Screening and Stratification Utility of GDF-15 and FGF-21 in Individuals Evaluated for Suspected Mitochondrial Disease: A Malaysian Cohort Study.Metabolites · 2026Article
- The PVAT-MAMs Axis in Atherosclerosis: A Hypothesis-Driven Cross-Scale Conceptual Framework.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Growth differentiation factor 15: from stress response to clinical utility in chronic liver diseases.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Growth differentiation factor 15 alters intestinal barrier and increases permeability: A new molecular target in inflammatory bowel disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Role of Fibroblast Growth Factors in Neurological Disorders: Insight into Therapeutic Approaches and Molecular Mechanisms.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Biopsychosocial correlates of resting and stress-reactive salivary GDF15: preliminary findings.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial Dynamics in Aging Heart.Biomedicines · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Primary mitochondrial disorders (PMDs) are a diagnostic challenge for paediatricians, and identification of reliable and easily measurable biomarkers has become a high priority. This study aimed to investigate the role of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in children with PMDs. Methods: We analysed serum FGF21 and GDF15 concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in children with PMDs, patients with non-mitochondrial neuromuscular disorders (NMDs), and aged-matched healthy children, and compared them with serum lactate and ratio of lactate and pyruvate (L/P). We also evaluated correlations between these biomarkers and the phenotype, genotype, and severity of PMDs. Results: The median serum GDF15 and FGF21 concentrations were significantly elevated in fifty-one patients with PMDs (919.46 pg/ml and 281.3 pg/ml) compared with those of thirty patients with NMDs (294.86 pg/ml and 140.51 pg/ml, both Conclusion: Regardless of clinical phenotype and genotype, circulating GDF15 and FGF21 are reliable biomarkers for children with PMDs. GDF15 can serve as a screening biomarker for diagnosis, and FGF21 can serve as a severity biomarker for monitoring.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.