ArticleNational science review2022
The twin-beginnings of COVID-19 in Asia and Europe-one prevails quickly.
Article in National science review, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Homoharringtonine is highly effective against SARS-CoV-2: a potential first-line defense in future coronavirus epidemics.National science review · 2025Article
- On Rooting and Dating Viral Trees With a Changing Evolutionary Rate Following Host-Switching.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- The theory of massively repeated evolution and full identifications of cancer-driving nucleotides (CDNs).eLife · 2024Article
- Characterization of cancer-driving nucleotides (CDNs) across genes, cancer types, and patients.eLife · 2024Article
- How Trustworthy Are the Genomic Sequences of SARS-CoV-2 in GenBank?Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Article
- Emergence of SARS and COVID-19 and preparedness for the next emerging disease X.Frontiers of medicine · 2024Review
- Intra- vs. Interhost Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Driven by Uncorrelated Selection-The Evolution Thwarted.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- A comprehensive survey of bat sarbecoviruses across China in relation to the origins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.National science review · 2023Article
- Reconstructing early transmission networks of SARS-CoV-2 using a genomic mutation model.Zoological research · 2023Article
- Was Wuhan the early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic?-A critique.National science review · 2023Article
- On the epicenter of COVID-19 and the origin of the pandemic strain.National science review · 2023Article
- Genome analysis of SARS-CoV-2 haplotypes: separation and parallel evolution of the major haplotypes occurred considerably earlier than their emergence in China.Science in One Health · 2023Article
- Article
- Molecular evidence for SARS-CoV-2 in samples collected from patients with morbilliform eruptions since late 2019 in Lombardy, northern Italy.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Post-synthetic modifications of metal-organic cages.Nature reviews. Chemistry · 2022Review
- The Runaway Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Leading to the Highly Evolved Delta Strain.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Waiting for the truth: is reluctance in accepting an early origin hypothesis for SARS-CoV-2 delaying our understanding of viral emergence?BMJ global health · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the spread of SARS-CoV-2, there have been multiple waves of replacement between strains, each of which having a distinct set of mutations. The first wave is a group of four mutations (C241T, C3037T, C14408T and A23403G [this being the amino acid change D614G]; all designated 0 to 1 below). This DG (D614G) group, fixed at the start of the pandemic, is the foundation of all subsequent waves of strains. Curiously, the DG group is absent in early Asian samples but present (and likely common) in Europe from the beginning. European data show that the high fitness of DG1111 requires the synergistic effect of all four mutations. However, the European strains would have had no time to evolve the four DG mutations (0 to 1), had they come directly from the early Asian DG0000 strain. Very likely, the European DG1111 strain had acquired the highly adaptive DG mutations in pre-pandemic Europe and had been spreading in parallel with the Asian strains. Two recent reports further support this twin-beginning interpretation. There was a period of two-way spread between Asia and Europe but, by May 2020, the European strains had supplanted the Asian strains globally. This large-scale replacement of one set of mutations for another has since been replayed many times as COVID-19 progresses.
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