ArticleCJC open2022
Urban-Rural Differences in Cardiac Arrest Outcomes: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study.
Article in CJC open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Regional Variations in Guideline Concordance for Women with Triple-Negative and HER2+ Breast Cancer in Nova Scotia.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
- Association Between Urban-Rural Geographical Location and 30-Day Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2026Article
- Determinants of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and associated outcomes at a single center in Dubai.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Sudden cardiac arrest in young adults: A comprehensive systematic review of epidemiology, aetiology and preventive strategies.Heart international · 2026Review
- Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in alpine and urban terrain: a five-year retrospective analysis of 11,315 Austrian HEMS missions.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Urban-rural disparities in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes: a nationwide Hungarian study.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Flight testing of drone-delivered automated external defibrillators for simulated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in suburban Thailand.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development of a health equity tool in resuscitation sciences and application to current research in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest.Resuscitation · 2025Review
- From Stadiums to Streets: Preventing Sudden Cardiac Death in Young Adults.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of a Community First Responder System for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Poland.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2025Article
- Natural Causes of Sports- and Recreation-Related Deaths in the General Population: A 14-Year Review in Québec, Canada.CJC open · 2025Article
- Assessing Key Factors Influencing Successful Resuscitation Outcomes in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA).Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- [Layperson basic life support education in Austria: An overview].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2024Review
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- Insights from coronial recommendations for preventing natural deaths in sport and recreation in Québec, Canada.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Standardizing post-cardiac arrest care across rural-urban settings - qualitative findings on proposed post-cardiac arrest learning community intervention.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Rural versus urban out-of-hospital cardiac arrest response, treatment and outcomes in the North East of England from 2018 to 2019.British paramedic journal · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Approximately 10% of people who suffer an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) treated by paramedics survive to hospital discharge. Survival differs by up to 19.2% between urban centres and rural areas. Our goal was to investigate the differences in OHCA survival between urban centres and rural areas. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of OHCA patients treated by Nova Scotia Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in 2017. Cases of traumatic, expected, and noncardiac OHCA were excluded. Data were collected from the Emergency Health Service electronic patient care record system and the discharge abstract database. Geographic information system analysis classified cases as being in urban centres (population > 1000 people) or rural areas, using 2016 Canadian Census boundaries. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Multivariable logistic regression covariates were age, sex, bystander resuscitation, whether the arrest was witnessed, public location, and preceding symptoms. Results: A total of 510 OHCAs treated by Nova Scotia Emergency Medical Services were included for analysis. A total of 12% (n = 62) survived to discharge. Patients with OHCAs in urban centres were 107% more likely to survive than those with OHCAs in rural areas (adjusted odds ratio = 2.1; 95% confidence interval = 1.1 to 3.8; Conclusions: Nova Scotia has an urban vs rural disparity in OHCA care that is also seen in densely populated OHCA centres. Survival is improved in urban centres. Further improvements in overall survival, especially in rural areas, may arise from community engagement in OHCA recognition and optimized healthcare delivery.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.