ArticleEnvironmental health insights2022
Effect of School Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene on Health Status Among Basic Level Students' in Nepal.
Article in Environmental health insights, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Household vulnerability to climate impacts on WASH and risk mitigation in informal settlements of Eastern Uganda.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Women's health insurance and institutional delivery in Nepal: Results of the 2022 Nepal demographic Health Survey.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- A review of the drivers and barriers influencing the impact of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene on attendance and retention of pupils in primary schools in developing countries.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- A comparative assessment of WASH adherence among public and private school students in a rural district in Nigeria.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The Status of Water and Sanitation Facilities in Public Primary Schools in Oyo State, Nigeria: Progress toward Achieving the SDG 6.Environmental health insights · 2025Article
- Article
- Do school Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene facilities affect students' health status, attendance, and educational achievements? A qualitative study in Nepal.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Assessment of water, hygiene, and sanitation practice and associated factors among Bihari refugee camp in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Conducting and Writing Quantitative and Qualitative Research.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Access to drinking Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) at schools are the basic determinants of a child's right to healthy and quality education. In Nepal, most of the schools had limited WASH facilities, including separate sanitation facilities for girls. The limited WASH facilities, unsafe drinking water, poor sanitation, and hygiene practices result in irresponsible behaviors that directly impede on students' health. This study examines the association between WASH services and health status of basic level students', ranging sixth to eighth grades. In Nepal, basic level education consists up to eighth standards from grade 1. Methods: The study applies causal-comparative research design within 2 groups; 1 having improved WASH and another without improved WASH services at the schools in Dhanusha and Chitwan districts of Nepal. Each group consists 2 schools, so altogether 4 schools were included in this study. Total 768, equal 384 respondents were selected from each improved and without improved WASH facilities. The study was conducted in between January and March 2021 at a single-phase time. The sample size was calculated using the standard statistical formula for the infinite population. The study applied quantitative research method, including 3 sorts of analysis; univariate, bivariate, and the multivariate. The univariate was applied to analyze the frequency and percentages of the respondents. Bivariate analysis was made applying chi Results: Out of 768 students', 384 (50%) were from improved and 384 (50%) were from unimproved WASH facilities at schools. More than two third (64%) of respondents from the unimproved and higher than two fifth (41%) from the improved schools got sickness ( Conclusion: The study recommends to extend WASH awareness program to school families, particularly to the students as there is an evident need to increase preventive as well as the therapeutic efficacy of the potential infections.
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