ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2022
Virus-Induced Maternal Immune Activation as an Environmental Factor in the Etiology of Autism and Schizophrenia.
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ketamine attenuates anxiety-like behavior and oxidative imbalance in the maternal immune activation model: emphasis on the cerebellum.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Vagus nerve stimulation as an anti-inflammatory therapy for maternal immune activation-induced alterations in offspring microglia and neurodevelopment.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Locomotor and endocrine alterations link to metabolic dysfunction induced by pathopharmacological interaction between neurodevelopmental disorders and antipsychotics: evidence from clinical and animal study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Activation of endogenous retroviruses characterizes the maternal-fetal interface in the BTBR mouse model of autism spectrum disorder.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- The Balance in the Head: How Developmental Factors Explain Relationships Between Brain Asymmetries and Mental Diseases.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in schizophrenia: an immunological perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Prenatal maternal infections and early childhood developmental outcomes: analysis of linked administrative health data for Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Scotland.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- The Importance of Including Maternal Immune Activation in Animal Models of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- The Complex World of Kynurenic Acid: Reflections on Biological Issues and Therapeutic Strategy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Beyond defence: Immune architects of ovarian health and disease.Seminars in immunopathology · 2024Review
- Investigating low birth weight and preterm birth as potential mediators in the relationship between prenatal infections and early child development: a linked administrative health data analysis.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2024Article
- Zika virus vertical transmission induces neuroinflammation and synapse impairment in brain cells derived from children born with Congenital Zika Syndrome.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Maternal immune suppression during pregnancy does not prevent abnormal behavior in offspring.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Increased NLRP1 mRNA and Protein Expression Suggests Inflammasome Activation in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal and Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Investigating gene-environment interaction on attention in a double-hit model for Autism Spectrum Disorder.PloS one · 2024Article
- Role of microglia in brain development after viral infection.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Neuroinflammation and schizophrenia - is there a link?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Autism spectrum disorder and a possible role of anti-inflammatory treatments: experience in the pediatric allergy/immunology clinic.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) is mediated by activation of inflammatory pathways resulting in increased levels of cytokines and chemokines that cross the placental and blood-brain barriers altering fetal neural development. Maternal viral infection is one of the most well-known causes for immune activation in pregnant women. MIA and immune abnormalities are key players in the etiology of developmental conditions such as autism, schizophrenia, ADHD, and depression. Experimental evidence implicating MIA in with different effects in the offspring is complex. For decades, scientists have relied on either MIA models or human epidemiological data or a combination of both. MIA models are generated using infection/pathogenic agents to induce an immunological reaction in rodents and monitor the effects. Human epidemiological studies investigate a link between maternal infection and/or high levels of cytokines in pregnant mothers and the likelihood of developing conditions. In this review, we discuss the importance of understanding the relationship between virus-mediated MIA and neurodevelopmental conditions, focusing on autism and schizophrenia. We further discuss the different methods of studying MIA and their limitations and focus on the different factors contributing to MIA heterogeneity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.