ArticleCureus2022
Trends and Factors Associated With Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A National Perspective.
Article in Cureus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- A potential bundle for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in the emergency department: A narrative review.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- The Paradox of Healthcare in the 'Superbugs' Era: Current Challenges and Future Directions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effect of ventilator care bundle for pediatric nurses on occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia among children.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- The Influence of Oral Health on Comprehensive Health Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients.Cureus · 2025Article
- Factors Associated with Mortality in Nosocomial Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: An ENIRRI Analysis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mechanical Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A Critical Challenge in the Intensive Care Units.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effect of humidification intervention combined with cluster nursing on ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICU patients.Frontiers in public health · 2025Observational
- Novel Siderophore Cephalosporin and Combinations of Cephalosporins with β-Lactamase Inhibitors as an Advancement in Treatment of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Risk Factors Associated with Mortality inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Dopamine promotesFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Profile of patients in private home care who developed ventilator-associated pneumonia.Revista brasileira de enfermagem · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a hospital-acquired pneumonia that occurs more than 48 hours after mechanical ventilation. Studies showing temporal trends, predictors, and outcomes of VAP are very limited.
objectiveWe used the National database to delineate the trends and predictors of VAP from 2009 to 2017.
methodsWe analyzed data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) for adult hospitalizations who received mechanical ventilation (MV) by using ICD-9/10-CM procedures codes. We excluded hospitalizations with length of stay (LOS) less than two days. VAP and other diagnoses of interest were identified by ICD-9/10-CM diagnosis codes. We then utilized the Cochran Armitage trend test and multivariate survey logistic regression models to analyze the data.
resultsOut of a total of 5,155,068 hospitalizations who received mechanical ventilation, 93,432 (1.81%) developed VAP. Incidence of VAP decreased from 20/1000 in 2008 to 17/1000 in 2017 with a 5% decrease. Patients who developed VAP had lower mean age (59 vs 61; p<0.001) and higher LOS (25 days vs. 12 days; p<0.001). In multivariable regression analysis, we identified that males, African Americans, teaching hospitals and co-morbidities like neurological disorders, pulmonary circulation disorders and electrolyte disorders are associated with the increased odds of developing VAP. VAP was also associated with higher rates of discharge to facilities and increased LOS.
conclusionOur study identified the trends along with the risk predictors of VAP in MV patients. Our goal is to lay the foundation for further in-depth analysis of this trend for better risk stratification and development of preventive strategies to reduce the incidence of VAP among MV patients.
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