ArticlePsychology of violence2020
Alcohol Intoxication Impairs the Bystander Intervention Process in a Hypothetical Sexual Assault: A Field Investigation.
Article in Psychology of violence, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Meta-Analytic Review of the Relationship Between Alcohol and Bystander Intervention for Sexual Assault.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2026Pooled it
- Alcohol's Effects on the Bystander Decision-Making Model: A Systematic Literature Review.Journal of sex researchPooled it
- Alcohol's Effects on Bystander Intervention Strategies to Prevent Sexual Assault.Violence and victims · 2021Trial
- On The Ground: Methodological and Ethical Considerations of a Field Study on Alcohol Intoxication and Sexual Misperception Among Drinking Venue Patrons.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2025Article
- The bystander intervention for problematic alcohol use model (BIPAUM).Journal of American college health : J of ACH · 2025Article
- Article
- Bystander Intoxication and Appraisal of Sexual Assault Risk: A Field Study of Emerging Adult Bargoers.Emerging adulthood (Print) · 2022Article
- Alcohol and cannabis co-use and social context as risk pathways to sexual assault.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Objective: High rates of alcohol-related sexual assault among young adults represent a significant public health problem. Bystander intervention programs are a promising strategy to reduce sexual assault incidence. However, little is known about how bystander intoxication may modify bystander intervention effectiveness. We examined the role of bystander intoxication and intoxication levels of the hypothetical victim and perpetrator on outcomes associated with Latané and Darley's (1970) steps of bystander intervention, which include noticing a situation, assessment of risk and need for intervention, taking personal responsibility for intervening, and selecting an intervention. Method: In a field setting, participants were recruited from a downtown area surrounded by several drinking establishments. After providing informed consent, 327 participants (45% women) ages 21 - 29 years listened to one of four sexual assault vignettes (varied by victim and perpetrator intoxication), responded to questionnaires assessing outcomes related to steps of bystander intervention, and completed a field breathalyzer test to measure intoxication level. Results: We found that increased participant intoxication was related to decreased accuracy of situation recall and assessment of risk and need for intervention, but not ratings of personal responsibility to intervene, chosen intervention strategy, or confidence to intervene. Conclusions: Intoxication could influence how a bystander interprets a hypothetical nonconsensual sexual interaction at the level of accurate situation recall and risk assessment. If the early steps of information processing are impaired by intoxication, later steps of intervention enactment may not occur successfully. Bystander intervention programming may consider incorporating training to overcome the impairing effects of intoxication for identifying harmful situations and choosing to intervene.
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Registered trials
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