ArticleFrontiers in oncology2022
Epstein-Barr Virus, But Not Human Papillomavirus, Is Associated With Preinvasive and Invasive Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasias in Zambian Patients.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical characteristics and mixed infection patterns of ocular surface infection with Epstein-Barr virus.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2026Article
- Review
- Chronic Stress May Amplify Gender/Sex Differences in Amygdala Reactivity to Ambiguous Emotional Stimuli.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2025Article
- A landscape review with novel criteria to evaluate microbial drivers for cancer: priorities for innovative research targeting excessive cancer mortality in sub-Saharan Africa.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Mapping the cancer research landscape across Zambia: evidence to support national cancer control planning.Ecancermedicalscience · 2025Review
- Cancer risk among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Rwanda from 2007 to 2018.International journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Cancers with epidemiologic signatures of viral oncogenicity among immunocompromised populations in the United States.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2024Article
- Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Is Associated With Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Case-Control Study From Zimbabwe.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- State of the science and future directions for research on HIV and cancer: Summary of a joint workshop sponsored by IARC and NCI.International journal of cancer · 2024Review
- Yes-associated protein-1 overexpression in ocular surface squamous neoplasia; a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Co-infection and co-localization of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus in HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma: a case report.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The etiopathogenesis of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is not fully understood. We assessed the frequency of oncogenic viruses in OSSN by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), Kaposi sarcoma virus, and adenovirus. Cases from Zambia were prospectively enrolled using a cross-sectional study design between November 2017 and March 2020. Methods: Demographic and clinical data [age, sex, HIV status, antiretroviral therapy (ART) history, CD4 count, plasma viral load] and tumor biopsies were collected from 243 consenting patients. Tumor samples were bisected, and half was used for DNA isolation, while the other half was formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) for histopathology analysis. The expressions of latent EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1), CDKN2A/p16INK4A (p16), and MCPyV large T-antigen (LT) were tested by IHC. Multiplex PCR was used to detect 16 HPV genotypes and four other DNA tumor viruses [Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), EBV, MCPyV, and adenovirus]. Relationships between HIV status, viral DNA and protein expression, and tumor grades were determined by statistical analysis. Results: OSSN tumors from patients were 29.6% preinvasive and 70.4% invasive. Patients presented with unilateral tumors that were 70.4% late stage (T3/T4). OSSN patients were HIV positive (72.8%). IHC on 243 FFPE biopsies resulted in the detection of EBNA1 (EBV), p16 high-risk HPV (HR-HPV), and MCPyV LT expression in 89.0%, 4.9%, and 0.0%, respectively. EBNA1 was expressed in all grades of preinvasive [cornea-conjunctiva intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)1, 100%; CIN2, 85.7%; CIN3, 95.8%; and carcinoma Conclusions: Our findings of EBV DNA and EBNA1 protein in all the grades of preinvasive and especially invasive OSSN are consistent with a potential causal role for EBV in OSSN. A role of HPV in OSSN was not clearly established in this study.
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