ArticleSensors and actuators. A, Physical2022
A biomimetic skin phantom for characterizing wearable electrodes in the low-frequency regime.
Article in Sensors and actuators. A, Physical, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Hydration-stable PVA-based skin phantom for wearable biopotential sensor evaluation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A biomimetic anthropomorphic leg phantom for wearable bioimpedance sensing in lymphedema monitoring.Journal of electrical bioimpedance · 2026Article
- Gelatin-Based Head Phantoms: A Practical Guide for Artificial Brain Signal Research.International journal of biomaterials · 2026Article
- Technical Functions of Digital Wearable Products (DWPs) in the Consumer Acceptance Model: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis with a Biomimetic Perspective.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Fabrication and Dielectric Validation of an Arm Phantom for Electromyostimulation.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Design, Fabrication, and Evaluation of 3D Biopotential Electrodes and Intelligent Garment System for Sports Monitoring.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Agarose as a Tissue Mimic for the Porcine Heart, Kidney, and Liver: Measurements and a Springpot Model.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Silky Liquid Metal Electrodes for On-Skin Health Monitoring.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Characterizing the Impedance Properties of Dry E-Textile Electrodes Based on Contact Force and Perspiration.Biosensors · 2023Article
- Dependence of Skin-Electrode Contact Impedance on Material and Skin Hydration.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Advances in the integration of wearable devices in our daily life have led to the development of new electrode designs for biopotential monitoring. Historically, the development and testing of wearable electrodes for the acquisition of biopotential signals has been empirical, relying on experiments on human volunteers. However, the lack of explicit control on human variables, the intra-, and inter-subject variability complicates the understanding of the performance of these wearable electrodes. Herein, phantom mimicking the electrical properties of the skin in the low-frequency range (1 Hz-1000 Hz), which has the potential to be used as a platform for controlled benchtop experiments for testing electrode functionality, is demonstrated. The fabricated phantom comprises two layers representing the deeper tissues and stratum corneum. The lower layer of the phantom mimicking deeper tissues was realized using polyvinyl alcohol cryogel (PVA-c) prepared with 0.9% W/W saline solution by a freeze-thaw technique. The properties of the upper layer representing the stratum corneum were simulated using a 100μm thick layer fabricated by spin-coating a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), 2.5% W/W carbon black (CB) for conductance, and 40% W/W barium titanate (BaTiO
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.