Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35490482›Full record

SynthesisPsychoneuroendocrinology2022

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Everyday Discrimination Scale and biomarker outcomes.

Jourdyn A Lawrence, Ichiro Kawachi, Kellee White, Mary T Bassett, Naomi Priest, Joan Gakii Masunga, Hannah J Cory, Carol Mita, David R Williams

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Racial Discrimination and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2025
    Pooled it
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  9. Discrimination and Disordered Eating in Economically Disadvantaged Adults: A Multilevel, Longitudinal Study.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026
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  19. Marginal Inequities in Perioperative Medicine.Anesthesia and analgesia · 2026
    Article
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5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jourdyn A LawrenceDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Population Health Sciences, Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA; François-Xavier Bagnoud (FXB) Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: jlawrence@hsph.harvard.edu.
Ichiro KawachiDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Kellee WhiteDepartment of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
Mary T BassettDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; François-Xavier Bagnoud (FXB) Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Naomi PriestCentre for Social Research and Methods, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Joan Gakii MasungaCenter for Bioethics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Hannah J CoryPopulation Health Sciences, Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Carol MitaCountway Library, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
David R WilliamsDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of African and African American Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Funding

Research on Eating and Activity for Community Health (REACH): An Applied Epidemiology Training Program to Improve Weight-Related Health in Youth and Families from Diverse CommunitiesT32HL150452 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI NEUMARK-SZTAINER, DIANNE R · 2020 to 2024
$2.0M
NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL150452
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Discrimination has consistently been associated with multiple adverse health outcomes. Like other psychosocial stressors, discrimination is thought to impact health through stress-related physiologic pathways including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, dysregulation of inflammation responses, and accelerated cellular aging. Given growing attention to research examining the biological pathways through which discrimination becomes embodied, this systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes empirical evidence examining relationships between self-reported discrimination and four biomarker outcomes (i.e., cortisol, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and telomere length) among studies that have used the Everyday Discrimination Scale. We conducted a systematic review of studies discussing self-reported, everyday, or chronic discrimination in the context of health by searching Medline / PubMed (National Library of Medicine, NCBI), PsycInfo (APA, Ebsco) and Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate). Twenty-five articles met the criteria for meta-analysis, with several reporting on multiple outcomes. Discrimination was associated with elevated CRP levels (r = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.20, k = 10), though not cortisol (r = 0.05; 95% CI: -0.06, 0.16, k = 9), IL-6 (r = 0.05; 95% CI: -0.32, 0.42, k = 5), or telomere length (r = 0.03; 95% CI: -0.01, 0.07, k = 6). We identify several points of consideration for future research including addressing heterogeneity in assessment of biomarker outcomes and the need for longitudinal assessments of relationships between discrimination and biomarker outcomes.

Indexed as

Interleukin-6Pituitary-Adrenal SystemBiomarkersHumansHydrocortisoneHypothalamo-Hypophyseal SystemBiomarkersHydrocortisoneInterleukin-6C-reactive proteinInflammationSocial discriminationStressTelomere length

Identifiers

PMID35490482
PMCPMC9997446

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.