ArticleBreast (Edinburgh, Scotland)2022
Macrophage density is an adverse prognosticator for ipsilateral recurrence in ductal carcinoma in situ.
Article in Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of immune microenvironment on local control of ductal carcinoma in situ receiving breast conservative therapy.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Semaphorin-7A promotes macrophage-mediated mammary epithelial and ductal carcinoma in situ invasion.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Review
- From ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive breast cancer: the prognostic value of the extracellular microenvironment.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Review
- Identifying recurrences and metastasis after ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast.Histopathology · 2023Review
- Article
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11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
introductionThere is evidence that supports the association of dense tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TILs) with an increased risk of ipsilateral recurrence in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). However, the association of cellular composition of DCIS immune microenvironment with the histopathologic parameters and outcome is not well understood.
methodsWe queried our institutional database for patients with pure DCIS diagnosed between 2010 and 2019. Immunohistochemical studies for CD8, CD4, CD68, CD163, and FOXP3 were performed and evaluated in the DCIS microenvironment using tissue microarrays. Statistical methods included Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and the two-sample t-test or the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test for continuous variables.
resultsThe analytic sample included 67 patients. Median age was 62 years (range = 53 to 66) and median follow up was 6.7 years (range = 5.3 to 7.8). Thirteen patients had ipsilateral recurrence. Of all the clinicopathologic variables, only the DCIS size and TIL density were significantly associated with recurrence (p = 0.023 and 0.006, respectively). After adjusting for age and TIL density, only high CD68 (>50) and high CD68/CD163 ratio (>0.46) correlated with ipsilateral recurrence (p = 0.026 and 0.013, respectively) and shorter time to recurrence [hazard ratio 4.87 (95% CI: 1.24-19, p = 0.023) and 10.32 (95% CI: 1.34-80, p = 0.025), respectively].
conclusionsIn addition to DCIS size and TIL density, high CD68
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