ArticleFish physiology and biochemistry2022
The optimized inclusion level of Bacillus subtilis fermented Azolla pinnata in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets: immunity, antioxidative status, intestinal digestive enzymes and histomorphometry, and disease resistance.
Article in Fish physiology and biochemistry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating poultry by-product meal, tomato pomace, and azolla with or without Natuzyme supplementation as sustainable alternatives to fish meal for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).Tropical animal health and production · 2026Article
- Gut-Centric Multi-System Regulation byNutrients · 2026Review
- Fermentation of Sargassum ilicifolium with Probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Enhances Growth, Immunity, and Gene Expression in Rainbow Trout Before and After Challenge with Streptococcus iniae.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Development of animal feed from Azolla microphylla to increase production efficiency of goat farms in South of Thailand.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Effects of vitamin C combined with sodium alginate on serum biochemistry, oxidative stress, gill tissue morphology, and muscle quality of pearl gentian grouper during waterless transport.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2024Article
- Protective Effects ofVeterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Dietary inclusion of nano-phosphorus improves growth performance, carcass quality, and growth-related traits of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and alleviates water phosphorus residues.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2023Article
- The Potential of Fermented Water Spinach Meal as a Fish Meal Replacement and the Impacts on Growth Performance, Reproduction, Blood Biochemistry and Gut Morphology of Female Stinging Catfish (Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Fresh Azolla,Aquaculture nutrition · 2023Article
- Selenium-enriched yeast modulates the metal bioaccumulation, oxidant status, and inflammation in copper-stressed broiler chickens.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A 95-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of feeding Bacillus subtilis fermented Azolla (BSFA) on nonspecific immunity, antioxidative status, intestinal digestive enzymes and histomorphometry, and disease resistance in the Nile tilapia. We formulated five isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets to incorporate BSFA at level of (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%). The growth performance parameters (FBW, BWG, SGR, PER, and FCR) revealed a significant increase in the BSFA30 tilapia group compared to the control group followed by BSFA45 (P < 0.05). The BSFA30 group exhibited the highest nonspecific immunity parameters including (lysozyme activity, phagocytic index, and phagocytic activity) compared to other groups (P < 0.05). SOD and GPx reported the highest values in the BSFA60 group. Nile tilapia carcass composition was not influenced by BSFA inclusion level (P > 0.05). Interestingly, Nile tilapia fed with BSFA15 diet exhibited the highest protease activity level (P < 0.05), while those fed on BSFA30 documented the highest amylase activity. Intestinal histomorphology was significantly enhanced with the gradual increase of administrated BSFA. Regarding the tilapia disease resistance against Aeromonas septicemia, BSFA significantly diminished the cumulative mortality compared to the control group. To sum up, BSFA was more effective in improving the growth performance and immunity of Nile tilapia.
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