ArticleBMC infectious diseases2022
Circulating vaccine derived polio virus type 1 outbreak, Saadah governorate, Yemen, 2020.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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8 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantifying the role of contact sampling for poliovirus detection in Nigeria.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Monitoring the VDPV2 outbreak in Egypt during 2020-2021 highlights the crucial role of environmental surveillance and boosting immunization in combating Poliovirus.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Circulating vaccine derived polio virus type 2 outbreak and response in Yemen, 2021-2022, a retrospective descriptive analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- A circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 outbreak in a chronic conflict setting: a descriptive epidemiological study in South Sudan - 2020 to 2021.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Polio vaccination activities in conflict-affected areas.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- The poliovirus re-emergence: did concentrated efforts against COVID-19 open the door?Journal of virus eradication · 2023Article
- Polio outbreaks in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era: causes and solutions.Pathogens and global healthReview
- Vaccines against extraintestinal pathogenicGut microbesReview
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6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundYemen has faced one of the worst humanitarian crises in the world since the start of the war in 2015. In 2020; 30 Vaccine Derived Polio Virus type 1 (VDPV1) isolates were detected in Saadah governorate. The aims are to characterize the outbreak and address the gaps predisposing the emergence and circulation of VDPV1 in Saadah governorate, Yemen.
methodA retrospective descriptive study of confirmed cases of VDPV1 between January and December 2020 was performed. Surveillance staff collected data from patient cases, contacts, as well as stool specimens that shipped to WHO accredited polio labs. Data of population immunity was also reviewed. The difference in days between the date of sample collection, shipment, and receiving lab result was used to calculate the average of delayed days for lab confirmation.
resultsFrom January to December 2020, a total of 114 cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) were reported from 87% (13/15) districts, and cVDPV1 was confirmed among 26% (30) AFP cases. 75% (21) were < 5 years, 73% (20) had zero doses of Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV). The first confirmed case (3%) was from Saadah city, with paralysis onset at the end of January 2020 followed by 5 cases (17%) in March from another four districts, 8 cases (27%) in April, and 13 (43%) up to December 2020 were from the same five districts in addition to 3 (10%) form three new districts. The lab confirmation was received after an average of 126 days (71-196) from sample collection. The isolates differ from the Sabin 1 type by 17- 30 VP1 nucleotides (nt) and were linked to VDPV1 with 13 (nt) divergence that isolated in July 2020 from stool specimens collected before one year from contacts of an inadequate AFP case reported from Sahar district.
conclusionThe new emerging VDPV1 was retrospectively confirmed after one year of sample collection from Sahar district. Delayed lab confirmation, as well as the response and low immunization profile of children against polio, were the main predisposing factors for cVDPV1 outbreak. This outbreak highlights the need to maintain regular biweekly shipments to referral polio labs in the short-term, and the exploration of other options in the longer-term to enable the Yemen National Lab to fully process national samples itself.
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