Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35488213›Full record

Trial reportBMC geriatrics2022

Combined effects of virtual reality techniques and motor imagery on balance, motor function and activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial.

Muhammad Kashif, Ashfaq Ahmad, Muhammad Ali Mohseni Bandpei, Syed Amir Gilani, Asif Hanif, Humaira Iram

3 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC geriatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 31 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
6.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04788693 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Gait Rehabilitation With Motor Imagery in People With Parkinson's Disease

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of ValenciaRan2025 to 2026Enrolled74ConditionsParkinson DiseaseArmsPhysical rehabilitation of gait with motor imagery, Physical rehabilitation of gait without motor imagery
NCT06303440 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Virtual Reality Versus Motor Imagery on Balance, Gross Motor Function and Activities of Daily Living in Children With Cerebral Palsy.

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2024 to 2024Enrolled63ConditionsCerebral PalsyArmsRoutine Physical Therapy+ Balance Training, Virtual Reality+ Routine Physical Therapy, Motor Imagery+ Routine Physical Therapy
NCT06696911 naenrolling by invitationnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Combined Effects of Motor Imagery and Core Stability Exercises on Trunk Control, Balance and Quality of Sleep in Stroke Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2024 to 2025Enrolled62ConditionsStrokeArmsCore stability Exercises, Motor Imagery
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Muhammad KashifUniversity Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, 1 KM Defence Road, Lahore, 4200, Pakistan. kashif.shaffi@gmail.com.
Ashfaq AhmadUniversity Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, 1 KM Defence Road, Lahore, 4200, Pakistan.
Muhammad Ali Mohseni BandpeiUniversity Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, 1 KM Defence Road, Lahore, 4200, Pakistan.
Syed Amir GilaniUniversity Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, 1 KM Defence Road, Lahore, 4200, Pakistan.
Asif HanifUniversity Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, 1 KM Defence Road, Lahore, 4200, Pakistan.
Humaira IramRiphah College of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
University of Lahore · PKRiphah International University · PK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, impairing balance and motor function. Virtual reality (VR) and motor imagery (MI) are emerging techniques for rehabilitating people with PD. VR and MI combination have not been studied in PD patients. This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of VR and MI techniques on the balance, motor function, and activities of daily living (ADLs) of patients with PD.

methodsThis study was a single-centered, two-armed, parallel-designed randomized controlled trial. A total of 44 patients of either gender who had idiopathic PD were randomly allocated into two groups using lottery methods. Both groups received Physical therapy (PT) treatment, while the experimental group (N: 20) received VR and MI in addition to PT. Both groups received assigned treatment for three days a week on alternate days for 12 weeks. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) (parts II and III), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale were used as outcome measures for motor function, balance, and ADLs. The baseline, 6

resultsThe experimental group showed significant improvement in motor function than the control group on the UPDRS part III, with 32.45±3.98 vs. 31.86±4.62 before and 15.05±7.16 vs. 25.52±7.36 at 12-weeks, and a p-value < 0.001. At 12 weeks, the experimental group's BBS scores improved from 38.95±3.23 to 51.36±2.83, with p-value < 0.001. At 12 weeks, the experimental group's balance confidence improved considerably, from 59.26±5.87to 81.01±6.14, with a p-value of < 0.001. The experimental group's ADL scores improved as well, going from 22.00±4.64 to 13.07±4.005 after 12 weeks, with a p-value of < 0.001.

conclusionVR with MI techniques in addition to routine PT significantly improved motor function, balance, and ADLs in PD patients compared to PT alone.

trial registrationIRCT20200221046567N1 . Date of registration: 01/04/2020.

Indexed as

Parkinson DiseaseVirtual RealityActivities of Daily LivingHumansOutcome Assessment, Health CarePhysical Therapy ModalitiesMotor imageryParkinson’s diseasePhysical therapy, RehabilitationVirtual reliability

Identifiers

PMID35488213
PMCPMC9055773
OpenAlexW4225159673

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.