SynthesisPublic health2022
A meta-analysis of COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and demographic characteristics in the United States.
Synthesis in Public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake in people living with HIV.Nature human behaviour · 2024Pooled it
- COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Turkey: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Pooled it
- Interventions for COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- The Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in the Elderly: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 incidence, seroprevalence, and COVID-19 vaccination coverage in the homeless population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence and factors related to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and unwillingness in Canada: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of medical virology · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19 Vaccination Refusal and Non-Uptake Among People Living with HIV in the United States.Journal of community health · 2026Review
- Partisan differences in childhood measles vaccination and general refusals: a retrospective cohort study of electronic health records in the United States, 1988-2024.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Mpox Vaccine Hesitancy Among Sexually Active People with HIV in Care at Risk for mpox.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Vaccination Strategies Against Respiratory Pathogens in the Adult Population: A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2026Review
- The complex landscape of vaccine hesitancy and hesitant adopters: Quantitative predictors and thematic insights into COVID-19 vaccine attitudes.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Barriers and facilitating factors for COVID-19 vaccination in rural appalachia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The relationships among psychosocial impact, professional type, and vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- The perception of Covid-19 amongst vulnerable subgroups of the general population in Italy: insights from the qualitative study of the MOST project.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Pediatric Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States-The Growing Problem and Strategies for Management Including Motivational Interviewing.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Associations Between Psychosocial Influence, Positive Thinking, and Vaccine Attitudes in Patients with Schizophrenia During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Psychology research and behavior management · 2025Article
- Factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding antiviral medications for COVID-19 among US adults.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Final COVID-19 Vaccination Status, Attitude, and Adverse Events Among People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study From Egypt.International journal of MS care · 2025Article
- Use of machine learning models to predict mechanical ventilation, ECMO, and mortality in COVID-19.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesDespite the potential for COVID-19 vaccination to prevent severe disease and death, vaccine hesitancy is common in the United States, with more than a quarter of eligible Americans yet to receive the first dose. We draw on existing published studies on COVID-19 vaccine attitudes to estimate the overall prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and assess how it varies across demographic groups. STUDY
designA systematic literature search was conducted to identify and meta-analyze relevant studies, which examined vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in the context of the COVID-19 vaccine.
methodsWe meta-analyzed the prevalence rate of vaccine acceptance across all participants as well as for specific demographic subgroups. To assess time effects, we coded each study for the month during which data were collected and subjected the meta-analytic data to a regression analysis. To assess the magnitude of differences between demographic subgroups, we conducted a separate meta-analysis of odds ratios.
resultsAcross the 46 samples, an average of 61% of participants indicated they were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. The biggest demographic differences were found for race and political affiliation, with Black respondents and Republicans reporting significantly higher vaccine hesitancy than White respondents and Democrats.
conclusionsThese results inform current vaccination efforts by identifying the groups that are least likely to get vaccinated and supporting the need for tailored vaccine strategies to alleviate the concerns specific to those populations. Comparing intentions to vaccinate with actual vaccination rates, vaccine hesitancy appears to have declined considerably among women and Black Americans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.