SynthesisThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2022
The Effect of Endogenous Cushing Syndrome on All-cause and Cause-specific Mortality.
Synthesis in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Frailty and pituitary surgery: a systematic review.Pituitary · 2025Pooled it
- The conundrum of differentiating Cushing's syndrome from non-neoplastic hypercortisolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pituitary · 2024Pooled it
- Second-line tests in the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic hypercortisolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Pooled it
- The Effect of Endogenous Cushing Syndrome on All-cause and Cause-specific Mortality.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Pooled it
- Relacorilant or surgery improved hemostatic markers in Cushing syndrome.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Trial
- Referral to Definitive Surgical Treatment in Cushing's Syndrome - An Odyssey That Requires Attention.Clinical endocrinology · 2026Article
- Hypercortisolism: An Under-Recognised Pathway Linked to Multi-System Complications.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- Fournier gangrene in a patient with corticotrophinoma and diabetes treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- The aging paradox of Cushing's syndrome: Stress without clear senescence?Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Update and Practical Recommendations for the Use of Medical Treatment of Cushing Syndrome.Endocrine reviews · 2026Review
- Increased cytokine production capacity and persistent inflammation after achieving remission of Cushing's syndrome.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2026Article
- Use of osilodrostat in a block-and-replace and titration strategy for cushing's syndrome: a position paper by French experts.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Article
- Review
- Impact of sex on mortality in patients with pituitary adenomas.Pituitary · 2026Review
- Consensus on the diagnosis of Cushing's disease: a collaborative statement from the Korean Endocrine Society and Japan Endocrine Society.Endocrine journal · 2026Article
- A Novel Evaluation of 24-hour Energy Metabolism in Cushing's Syndrome: The Metabolic Cost of Hypercortisolism.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Article
- Recent progress in pathophysiology of cortisol-producing adrenal tumor.Endocrine journal · 2026Review
- Hypercortisolism and ocular microcirculation: exploring retinal and choroidal remodeling in Cushing's disease.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Hypercoagulability in Cushing's syndrome: past, present, future.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of all-cause and cause-specific mortality of patients with benign endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS).
methodsThe protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017067530). PubMed, EMBASE, CINHAL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central searches were undertaken from inception to January 2021. Outcomes were the standardized mortality ratio (SMR), proportion, and cause of deaths. The I2 test, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression were used to assess heterogeneity across studies.
resultsSMR was reported in 14 articles including 3691 patients (13 Cushing disease [CD] and 7 adrenal CS [ACS] cohorts). Overall SMR was 3.0 (95% CI, 2.3-3.9; I2 = 80.5%) for all CS, 2.8 (95% CI, 2.1-3.7; I2 = 81.2%) for CD and 3.3 (95% CI, 0.5-6.6; I2 = 77.9%) for ACS. Proportion of deaths, reported in 87 articles including 19 181 CS patients (53 CD, 24 ACS, and 20 combined CS cohorts), was 0.05 (95% CI, 0.03-0.06) for all CS subtypes with meta-regression analysis revealing no differences between CS subtypes (P = .052). The proportion of deaths was 0.1 (10%) in articles published before 2000 and 0.03 (3%) in 2000 until the last search for CS (P < .001), CD (P < .001), and ACS (P = .01). The causes of death were atherosclerotic diseases and thromboembolism (43.4%), infection (12.7%), malignancy (10.6%), active disease (3.5%), adrenal insufficiency (3.0%), and suicide (2.2%). Despite improved outcomes in recent years, increased mortality from CS persists. The causes of death highlight the need to prevent and manage comorbidities in addition to treating hypercortisolism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.