ReviewInflammopharmacology2022
A raising dawn of pentoxifylline in management of inflammatory disorders in Covid-19.
Review in Inflammopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pregnancy and COVID-19: high or low risk of vertical transmission.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Pentoxifylline in children with acute encephalitis syndrome: a randomized control trial.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Trial
- The potential adding therapeutic effect of pentoxifylline and/or folic acid for chronic kidney disease patients: randomized controlled trial.BMC nephrology · 2025Trial
- Exploring pentoxifylline as an alternative treatment for dexamethasone in diabetic patients with COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of medical research · 2025Trial
- Liver Disease and Plant-Derived Phytoconstituents: From Ethnopharmacology to Modern Medicine.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Review
- Pentoxifylline in patients with COVID-19 and with liver cirrhosis or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Emerging insights.Biomedical reports · 2026Article
- Oral pentoxifylline as a novel adjunct to standard therapy in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Placental dysfunction, inflammation, and impaired autophagy in preeclampsia: A pathophysiological link to autism spectrum disorder.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein induces microglia senescence-mediated cognitive impairment via Glycolysis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Beyond anemia: unraveling neutrophil defects and infection susceptibility in β-Thalassemia.Blood research · 2025Review
- A pain from the nose to the head: neurological commitment during long COVID.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Review
- Unlocking Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of BDNF Signaling in Neuropathology and Treatment.Neuromolecular medicine · 2025Review
- The Possible Role of Metformin and Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 in Multiple Sclerosis Neuropathology: Birds of a Feather Flock Together.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Review
- Autophagy modulators in type 2 diabetes: A new perspective.Journal of diabetes · 2024Review
- Long-Term Pentoxifylline Therapy Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Cell Apoptosis in Diabetic Kidney Disease Patients.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Beyond Antivirals: Alternative Therapies for Long COVID.Viruses · 2024Review
- The potential therapeutic effect of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in the acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- The effect of pentoxifylline and different types of exercise training on coagulation factors in a rat endometriosis model.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2024Article
- Isolated Depo-Medrol Administration under Tenon's Capsule for Post-COVID-19 Uveitis in a Child: A Case Report and Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Preventive Pentoxifylline Effect on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Incidence in Traumatic Patients: A Randomized Triple-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The existing pandemic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). SARS-CoV-2 exploits angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as an entry-point into affected cells and down-regulation of ACE2 by this virus triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of angiotensin II. These changes may lead to hypercytokinemia and the development of cytokine storm with the development of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Different repurposed had been in use in the management of Covid-19, one of these agents is pentoxifylline (PTX) which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, the objective of the present mini-review is to highlight the potential role of PTX in Covid-19 regarding its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. PTX is a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate which stimulates protein kinase A and inhibits leukotriene and tumor necrosis factor. PTX has antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, thus it may attenuate SARS-CoV-2-induced hyperinflammation and related complications. As well, PTX can reduce hyper-viscosity and coagulopathy in Covid-19 through increasing red blood cell deformability and inhibition of platelet aggregations. In conclusion, PTX is a non-selective phosphodiesterase drug, that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects thereby can reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection-hyperinflammation and oxidative stress. Besides, PTX improves red blood cells (RBCs) deformability and reduces blood viscosity so can mitigate Covid-19-induced hyper-viscosity and RBCs hyper-aggregation which is linked with the development of coagulopathy. Taken together, PTX seems to be an effective agent against Covid-19 severity.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.