ArticleMetabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society2022
Temporal profile of serum metabolites and inflammation following closed head injury in rats is associated with HPA axis hyperactivity.
Article in Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- C18:0 GM3 ganglioside's efficacy in LPS-induced parkinsonism: neuroprotection, inflammatory inhibition and gliosis mitigation.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2025Article
- Extracranial Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review.Clinics and practice · 2025Review
- Inflammatory links between epilepsy and depression: a review of mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Altered DTI scalars in the hippocampus are associated with morphological and structural changes after traumatic brain injury.Brain structure & function · 2024Article
- Whole-Blood Metabolomics of a Rat Model of Repetitive Concussion.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2023Article
- Fundamental Neurochemistry Review: Microglial immunometabolism in traumatic brain injury.Journal of neurochemistry · 2023Review
- Early preclinical plasma protein biomarkers of brain trauma are influenced by early seizures and levetiracetam.Epilepsia open · 2023Article
- Hot Spots for the Use of Intranasal Insulin: Cerebral Ischemia, Brain Injury, Diabetes Mellitus, Endocrine Disorders and Postoperative Delirium.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionClosed head injury (CHI) causes neurological disability along with systemic alterations that can activate neuro-endocrine response through hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. A dysregulated HPA axis function can lead to relocation of energy substrates and alteration in metabolic pathways and inflammation at the systemic level.
objectivesAssessment of time-dependent changes in serum metabolites and inflammation after both mild and moderate CHI. Along with this, serum corticosterone levels and hypothalamic microglial response were observed.
methodsRats underwent mild and moderate weight-drop injury and their serum and hypothalamus were assessed at acute, sub-acute and chronic timepoints. Changes in serum metabolomics were determined using high resolution NMR spectroscopy. Serum inflammatory cytokine, corticosterone levels and hypothalamic microglia were assessed at all timepoints.
resultsMetabolites including lactate, choline and branched chain amino acids were found as the classifiers that helped distinguish between control and injured rats during acute, sub-acute and chronic timepoints. While, increased αglucose: βglucose and TMAO: choline ratios after acute and sub-acute timepoints of mild injury differentiated from moderate injured rats. The injured rats also showed distinct inflammatory profile where IL-1β and TNF-α levels were upregulated in moderate injured rats while IL-10 levels were downregulated in mild injured rats. Furthermore, injury specific alterations in serum metabolic and immunologic profile were found to be associated with hyperactive HPA axis, with consistent increase in serum corticosterone concentration post injury. The hypothalamic microglia showed a characteristic activated de-ramified cellular morphology in both mild and moderate injured rats.
conclusionThe study suggests that HPA axis hyperactivity along with hypothalamic microglial activation led to temporal changes in the systemic metabolism and inflammation. These time dependent changes in the metabolite profile of rats can further strengthen the knowledge of diagnostic markers and help distinguish injury related outcomes after TBI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.