Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35485728›Full record

ArticleJournal of the science of food and agriculture2022

Green extraction of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) using microwave method for recovery of three valuable fractions (essential oil, phenolic compounds and cannabinoids): a central composite design optimization study.

Eugenia Mazzara, Riccardo Carletti, Riccardo Petrelli, Ahmed M Mustafa, Giovanni Caprioli, Dennis Fiorini, Serena Scortichini, Stefano Dall'Acqua, Stefania Sut, Sonia Nuñez and 5 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  12. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Hemp (Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Article
  16. Evaluation of two differentFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Eugenia MazzaraSchool of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
Riccardo CarlettiSchool of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
Riccardo PetrelliSchool of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-1204
Ahmed M MustafaSchool of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1533-1553
Giovanni CaprioliSchool of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
Dennis FioriniSchool of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
Serena ScortichiniSchool of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
Stefano Dall'AcquaDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Natural Product Laboratory, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8264-6953
Stefania SutDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Natural Product Laboratory, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Sonia NuñezDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain.
Victor LópezDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain.
Valtcho D ZheljazkovCrop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3479-9653
Giulia BonacucinaSchool of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
Filippo MaggiSchool of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1375-4744
Marco CespiSchool of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6916-7915
Università di Camerino · ITUniversidad San Jorge · ESUniversity of Padua · ITOregon State University · US

Funding

Ministry of HealthRegione Marche
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSolvent-free microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is a green extraction method capable of boosting the yield and quality profile of hemp essential oil when compared with other conventional extraction techniques. During this process, two by-products are produced, namely the aqueous residue containing bioactive phenolics and the residual deterpenated biomass, which can be used for further extraction and purification of phytocannabinoids. To date, the hemp industry has not utilized these products, although they can be valuable for the food, cosmetic, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical market.

resultsThis study assessed and optimized the variables affecting MAE efficiency, namely microwave irradiation power, extraction time and added water, which were studied using a central composite design approach, and results were used to optimize the extraction process for recovering three valuable fractions: essential oil, polyphenols and phytocannabinoids. The products obtained using the optimized conditions were characterized in terms of yield, chemical profile and antioxidant potential. Moreover, the by-products obtained during the optimized run were further analyzed in terms of their biological activity using both enzymatic and non-enzymatic assays. The aqueous residue demonstrated a powerful α-glucosidase inhibition, a good activity in terms of superoxide radical scavenging activity, a modest efficacy in terms of inhibition of advanced glycation end products formation and no activity in terms of lipase inhibition. The residual deterpenated biomass did not possess significant biological activity.

conclusionThis work demonstrated valorization of industrial hemp essential oil and its by-products, obtained by a sustainable and eco-friendly extraction method, through an almost waste-free approach. Cannabinoids as well as other valuable bioactive compounds such as glycosidic flavones may be recovered from the residues of the essential oil extraction, representing interesting substances in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and nutraceutical fields. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Indexed as

CannabinoidsCannabisFlavonesOils, Volatilealpha-GlucosidasesAntioxidantsGlycation End Products, AdvancedLipaseMicrowavesSuperoxidesWateralpha-GlucosidasesAntioxidantsCannabinoidsFlavonesGlycation End Products, AdvancedLipaseOils, VolatileSuperoxidesWaterantioxidantcannabidioldesirabilityenzyme inhibitionterpenes

Identifiers

PMID35485728
PMCPMC9790304
OpenAlexW4225141629

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.